Suchergebnisse

The effects of the EU Cohesion Policy are debated, and while some studies find positive effects, others point to negative effects. Many of the methodological approaches that have so far been used to measure the EU Cohesion Policy are simple benchmarking exercises, focusing on a few indicators covering a short time period. Other evaluations are fragmented, qualitative in nature, and narrow in scope. This paper aims at analysing the EU Cohesion Policy and its impact for the period 2006–2016. We construct a Territorial Cohesion Development Index with target posts in order to analyse the impact at a NUTS2 level. The findings indicate that bigger cities and highly urbanised regions in Central Europe benefited the most from the policy, while non-core and peripheral regions fell further behind. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

To what extent territorial cohesion is achieved or not, due to the EU Cohesion Policy, national regional policies, or globalization forces, is debated. This paper aims at discussing territorial cohesion at a NUTS 3 level in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden for 2007 and 2017 by using the Territorial Cohesion Development Index. The findings indicate a) that bigger cities and highly urbanized regions in Denmark, Finland and Sweden perform very well in the Territorial Cohesion Development Index, while non-core and peripheral regions fell further behind; and b) all Norwegian regions and the Åland Islands have high scores in the Territorial Cohesion Development Index. The findings indicate a need to resuscitate the national regional policies in Denmark, Finland and Sweden to counteract the increasing gap between the capital region and the rest of the regions. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Cet article jette un éclairage sur les mutations spatiales récentes de l'agglomération de Lisbonne. L'attention est portée sur la relative explosion urbaine qui s'est traduite par deux grandes catégories de formes urbaines, puis sur les tensions spatiales spécifiques au cas lisboète. Enfin est abordé le système de régulation urbaine, résultat du processus démocratique post-1974 et dont la marge de manoeuvre est limitée par une conjoncture défavorable à l'aménagement. ; This paper sheds a light on recent spatial changes in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon. We focus on the relative urban explosion that has induced two main categories of urban forms. Then, specific spatial tensions are highlighted. Finally, the urban regulation system is examined : it is the result of the post-1974 democratic process and its room for manoeuvre is limited by the current crisis context, which can be seen as a harmful determinant for urban and regional planning. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Transport has been studied as gender neutral, as transportation services or infrastructures are considered to benefit all, men and women, evenly (Kunieda and Gauthier, 2007). However, surveys and statistical evidence reveals that the transport consumption between men and women is often gender blinded or gender biased. Until recently we knew little about gender differentiation in transport consumption in Portugal; as the EU gender policies develop, a deep effort is being made by Portuguese government to know more about gender mobility patterns1. This paper explores the statistical groundings on the transportation sector on gender inequalities in Portugal, and develops the discussion of the role that transport plays in the experience of men and women in daily mobility. It finally seeks to highlight possible gender transportation policy for future development. The overall research methodology was based on a review of the literature and in the analysis of national statistics on mobility concerning commuting displacement, separate by sex, by mode of transport and by travel time. After a brief review on the issue context, we present the main achievements of the research on the gender dimensions of transport in Portugal and demonstrate that women: 1) tend to take shorter trips, use more the public transport system and a have an additional complex trip chain, and 2) tend to use less the private car than men in daily use, revealing a more fragile condition concerning accessibility and mobility, in an urban form more and more shaped by the use of the car. The paper concludes that formal policy analysis in this domain should always be informed by gendered approaches as they demonstrate substantial differences among women and man's patterns of mobility. Thus the effort to introduce the gender perspective into transport policy in Portugal is urgently required. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

It is commonly understood across Europe that the provision of Social Services of General Interest (SSGI) is important. Several official documents guarantee every EU citizen access to, and the availability of, SSGI. Nevertheless, when it comes to producing, financing, administrating and territorially organising SSGI, the approaches and practices used across the various European states differ significantly while often mirroring the functioning of the social welfare and national administrative planning systems that prevail on the ground. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic analysis of how European states (the EU 27 plus Croatia and the EFTA countries of Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) cope with the organisation of SSGI in the fields of education, care, labour market, social housing and insurance schemes. Outlining the similarities and differences of the various national approaches leads to the creation of a European typology of SSGI organisation. This typology will then be compared to existing typologies and classifications of social welfare and spatial planning systems. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Access to health care is a sensitive issue in low population density territories, as these areas tend to have a lower level of service provision. One dimension of access is accessibility. This paper focuses on measuring the accessibility to urgent and emergency care services in the Portuguese region of Baixo Alentejo, a territory characterized by low population density. Data for the calculation of accessibility is the road network, and the methodology considers the application of a two-level network analyst method: time-distance by own mean (car or taxi) to the urgent care services and the time distance to emergency services as a way to get assistance and to go to urgent care services. While urgent care accessibility meets the requirements stipulated in the Integrated Medical Emergency System's current legislative framework, the simulation of different scenarios of potential accessibility shows intra-regional disparities. Some territories have a low level of accessibility. Older adults, the poorly educated, and low-income population, also have the lowest levels of accessibility, which translates into dually disadvantageous situation since the potential users of emergency services are most likely to belong to this group of citizens. ; Em territórios de baixa densidade populacional, o acesso aos cuidados de saúde é uma questão delicada, pois essas áreas tendem a ter um nível mais baixo de prestação de serviços. Uma dimensão do acesso é a medição da acessibilidade. Este artigo tem como propósito medir a acessibilidade aos serviços de urgência e aos meios de emergência médica na região portuguesa do Baixo Alentejo, território caracterizado por uma baixa densidade populacional. A metodologia considera o método network analyst aplicado à rede viária, em dois níveis: o cálculo da distância-tempo aos serviços de urgência usando modo próprio (carro ou táxi); e o cálculo da distância-tempo recorrendo aos meios de socorro e emergência como forma de aceder aos serviços de urgência. Embora se considere que a acessibilidade ...

Urban mobility plays an important role in addressing urban livability. The complexification and dispersion of travel due to the improvement of transport and the multiplication of our daily living places underline the relevance of multilevel territorial planning, recognizing that the knowledge of local differences is essential for more effective urban policies. This paper aims (1) to comprehend conceptually how urban mobility contributes to the urban livability from the local to metropolitan level and (2) to assess the previous relation toward a livable metropolis based on the readily available statistics for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Hence, a triangulation between conceptual, political/operative, and quantitative/monitoring approaches is required. The methodology follows four steps: (1) literature review focusing on the quantification of urban mobility within the urban livability approach; (2) data collection from the Portuguese statistics system; (3) data analysis and results, using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by cluster analysis (CA); (4) discussion and conclusions. In Portugal, although it is implicit, consistency is evident between the premises of recent urban mobility policies and respective planning instruments, such as the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP), and the premises of urban livability as an urban movement. Focusing on the national statistics system, the available indicators that meet our quality criteria are scarce and represent a reduced number of domains. Even so, they allow identifying intra-metropolitan differences in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) that could support multilevel planning instruments. The results identified five principal components related to commuting at the local and intermunicipal level, including car use as well as social and environmental externalities, and they reorganized the 18 LMA municipalities into eight groups, clearly isolating Lisbon, the capital, from the others. The identification of sensitive territories and respective problems ...

Urban mobility plays an important role in addressing urban livability. The complexification and dispersion of travel due to the improvement of transport and the multiplication of our daily living places underline the relevance of multilevel territorial planning, recognizing that the knowledge of local differences is essential for more effective urban policies. This paper aims (1) to comprehend conceptually how urban mobility contributes to the urban livability from the local to metropolitan level and (2) to assess the previous relation toward a livable metropolis based on the readily available statistics for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Hence, a triangulation between conceptual, political/operative, and quantitative/monitoring approaches is required. The methodology follows four steps: (1) literature review focusing on the quantification of urban mobility within the urban livability approach; (2) data collection from the Portuguese statistics system; (3) data analysis and results, using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by cluster analysis (CA); (4) discussion and conclusions. In Portugal, although it is implicit, consistency is evident between the premises of recent urban mobility policies and respective planning instruments, such as the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP), and the premises of urban livability as an urban movement. Focusing on the national statistics system, the available indicators that meet our quality criteria are scarce and represent a reduced number of domains. Even so, they allow identifying intra-metropolitan differences in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) that could support multilevel planning instruments. The results identified five principal components related to commuting at the local and intermunicipal level, including car use as well as social and environmental externalities, and they reorganized the 18 LMA municipalities into eight groups, clearly isolating Lisbon, the capital, from the others. The identification of sensitive territories and respective problems ...

Nas últimas décadas a xeración de residuos converteuse nun dos principais problemas medioambientais debido ao impacto que exerce unha incorrecta xestión dos mesmos sobre o medio natural. Perante este contexto, foise propagando unha maior preocupación ambiental na que a redución do volume de residuos é a súa principal premisa. No caso da Unión Europea (UE), o obxectivo da lexislación en materia de xestión de residuos centrouse na prevención e na reciclaxe para tender cara un crecemento económico moito máis sostible. Porén, e malia os logros acadados, é necesario seguir avanzando nesta liña xa que moitos membros, especialmente, os do Sur de Europa, aínda se afastan dos obxectivos propostos para 2020. Por iso, o obxectivo deste traballo é aplicar unha metodoloxía Análise de Ciclo de vida Input-Output (EIO-LCA nas súas siglas en inglés) para analizar o volume e tipoloxía de residuos xerados directa e indirectamente en cada elo da cadea de subministros das actividades económicas de España e Portugal. ; In recent decades waste generation has become one of the main environmental problems due to the impact that an incorrect management exerts on nature. Consequently, a greater environmental awareness has been spreading so that waste reduction has become its main premise. In the case of the European Union (EU), the aim of the waste legislation is based on prevention and recycling towards a more sustainable economic growth. However, despite the achievements, it is necessary to continue advancing in this line since many Members, especially those from Southern Europe, are still far away from the 2020 objectives. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to apply an Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Analysis (EIO-LCA) to analyze the volume and type of waste generated directly and indirectly in each link of the supply chain of the economic activities in Spain and Portugal. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Telecommunications and geotechnology (electronic devices, computers and software, communicating with each other in real time) nowadays form the backbone of urban structures that support the everyday lives of people around the world. Despite their recognized role, little attention has been given to the social and gender impacts of these techno-urban systems, and little has been questioned about how they can be used to foster more inclusive and equitable mobility policies with the participation of communities. On the other hand, mobility is one of the great challenges that institutions face, and research related to gender imbalance in the everyday use of space-time is scarce.Deepening knowledge about mobility and the use of time by women and men in Portugal, the research that led to this article used the methodology of real-time monitoring of a (business) day of workers in order to examine their commuting patterns. To this end, and relying on volunteers, smartphones and/or devices with embedded GPS (trackers) were used for data acquisition. The results demonstrate the feasibility and relevance of the methodology (telegeomonitoring of commutes), highlight gender inequalities in mobility and time use, and help encourage more inclusive social policies and work-life balance tools. ; Telecomunicazioni e geotecnica (dispositivi elettronici, computer e software, comunicanti tra loro in tempo reale) al giorno d'oggi costituiscono la spina dorsale delle strutture urbane che supportano la vita quotidiana delle persone in tutto il mondo. Nonostante il riconoscimento del loro ruolo, poca attenzione è stata data agli impatti sociali e di genere di questi sistemi tecno-urbani, e poco è stato indagato su come possono essere utilizzati per promuovere politiche di mobilità più inclusive ed eque, con la partecipazione delle comunità. D'altra parte, la mobilità è una delle grandi sfide che le istituzioni devono affrontare, e la ricerca relativa allo squilibrio di genere nell'uso quotidiano dello spazio-tempo è modesta.Approfondendo la conoscenza sulla mobilità e l'uso del tempo da parte delle donne e degli uomini in Portogallo, la ricerca che ha portato a questo articolo ha utilizzato la metodologia di monitoraggio in tempo reale di una giornata lavorativa al fine di esaminare i modelli di pendolarismo. A tal fine, e basandosi su volontari, sono stati utilizzati per l'acquisizione dei dati smartphone e/o dispositivi con GPS integrato (trackers). I risultati dimostrano la fattibilità e la pertinenza della metodologia (telegeomonitoraggio degli spostamenti), evidenziano le disparità di genere nella mobilità e nell'uso del tempo, e contribuiscono ad incoraggiare l'adozione di politiche sociali più inclusive e degli strumenti di conciliazione.

Telecommunications and geospatial technologies (electronic devices, computers and software, communicating with each other in real time) nowadays form the backbone of urban structures that support the everyday lives of people around the world. Despite their recognized role, little attention has been given to the social and gender impacts of these techno-urban systems, and little has been questioned about how they can be used to foster more inclusive and equitable mobility policies with the participation of communities. On the other hand, mobility is one of the great challenges that institutions face, and research related to gender imbalance in the everyday use of space-time is scarce. Deepening knowledge about mobility and the use of time by women and men in Portugal, the research that led to this article used the methodology of real-time monitoring of a (business) day of workers in order to examine their commuting patterns. To this end, and relying on volunteers, smartphones and/or devices with embedded GPS (trackers) were used for data acquisition. The results demonstrate the feasibility and relevance of the methodology (telegeomonitoring of commuters), highlight gender inequalities in mobility and time use, and help encourage more inclusive social policies and work-life balance tools. ; Telecomunicazioni e tecnologie geospaziali (dispositivi elettronici, computer e software, comunicanti tra loro in tempo reale) al giorno d'oggi costituiscono la spina dorsale delle strutture urbane che supportano la vita quotidiana delle persone in tutto il mondo. Nonostante il riconoscimento del loro ruolo, poca attenzione è stata data agli impatti sociali e di genere di questi sistemi tecno-urbani, e poco è stato indagato su come possono essere utilizzati per promuovere politiche di mobilità più inclusive ed eque, con la partecipazione delle comunità. D'altra parte, la mobilità è una delle grandi sfide che le istituzioni devono affrontare, e la ricerca relativa allo squilibrio di genere nell'uso quotidiano dello spazio-tempo ...

En 2004, la moitié des européens affirment avoir utilisé Internet. Les moins de 24 ans semblent être les plus adeptes, avec 75% d'entre eux qui naviguent régulièrement plus ou moin sur la toile. En 2005, environ un foyer européen sur deux possède une connexion Internet. Au cours des vingt dernières années, l'informatique et l'Internet ont bouleversé l'économie, la recherche scientifique et l'administration au niveau mondial. Les réseaux informatiques maillent progressivement l'ensemble des territoires. Les politiques publiques centrées sur la Société de l'Information ont un rôle à jouer dans ce domaine. Les TIC représentent un des moyens de lutter contre l'exclusion sociale. Afin de mieux observer la diffusion des nouvelles technologies, le programme européen eAtlasudoe a pour objectif de transmettre aux chercheurs et aux acteurs publics des informations sur l'évolution des usages des TIC. Une équipe, formée de trois universités et de trois observatoires régionaux, a choisi de constituer une communauté de travail pour rendre compte de l'émergence de la Société de l'Information sur les territoires du Sud-Ouest européen. Les membres du projet sont répartis sur trois territoires : - Midi-Pyrénées, en France - Aragon, en EspagneRégion de Lisbonne, au Portugal1 Un des enjeux du partenariat est d'analyser les différenciations territoriales afin de déceler « les bonnes pratiques », les points positifs de ces trois régions dans le domaine des TIC, et les freins des non-utilisateurs. Parmi six axes de travail étudiés par l'ensemble des partenaires, les observatoires se sont engagés à mettre en commun des indicateurs sur un thème précis : la pénétration d'Internet au sein des foyers. Cet axe vise à s'interroger sur l'évolution des usages Internet des ménages, la connexion haut débit, etc. En terme de méthodologie, des interrogations restent en suspend, notamment concernant la structure de l'échantillon, le panel : qu'entend-on par foyers ? Interroge t'on un foyer au complet ou un individu au sein d'un foyer ? Ce dossier ...