Suchergebnisse

Especialmente desde mediados de los años noventa, asistimos en Europa a la puesta en marcha y a la consolidación de lo que parece ser una nueva filosofía y su consecuente praxis a la hora de enfrentar las problemáticas que plantea la cuestión social de nuestro tiempo. Las altas tasas de paro de principios de los ochenta, que, mantenidas en el tiempo, dejaron de ser analizadas como coyunturales o friccionales, para aceptar su carácter estructural, han llevado a tomas de posición político-administrativas para resolver las cuestiones del paro y de la exclusión social. La Estrategia Europea de Empleo, implantada y difundida por la Comisión Europea entre los estados miembros, parece ser el instrumento central de este nuevo enfoque. Sustentando el grueso de su filosofía y de sus formas de intervención en la aplicación de políticas activas de empleo, que nacieron en el marco de la economía laboral sueca para resolver problemas de paro friccional, las políticas activas pasan al centro de la acción social contemporánea, interpelando, tal y como planteamos aquí, las formas del Estado de bienestar keynesiano clásico y apuntando hacia la reconstrucción de nuevas representaciones sobre las visiones legítimas de la intervención social en materia de paro y exclusión. ; From middle of the nineties, in Europe we can see the consolidation of what seems to be a new philosophy and its consistent practice, in relation to facing the problematics of the social question of our time. The high unemployment rates of the beginning of the eighties which later maintained high, weren't analyzed anymore as a conjuntural problem, but being seen as of a structural character. For this reason, politician-administrative officer have led to the point to solve the questions of unemployment and social exclusion. The European Strategy of the Employment, well-established and spread by the European Commission between the member states, seems to be the central instrument of this new approach. Sustaining the force of its philosophy and of its forms of intervention in the application of active policies of employment, that were created in the context of the Swedish labour economy to solve problems of frictional unemployment, the active policies are now at the center of the contemporary social action. They suppose a change in the forms of intervention of the Keynesian Welfare State, and focus on the construction of new representations of the perspectives ofunemployment and social exclusion.

Especialmente desde mediados de los años noventa, asistimos en Europa a la puesta en marcha y a la consolidación de lo que parece ser una nueva filosofía y su consecuente praxis a la hora de enfrentar las problemáticas que plantea la cuestión social de nuestro tiempo. Las altas tasas de paro de principios de los ochenta, que, mantenidas en el tiempo, dejaron de ser analizadas como coyunturales o friccionales, para aceptar su carácter estructural, han llevado a tomas de posición político-administrativas para resolver las cuestiones del paro y de la exclusión social. La Estrategia Europea de Empleo, implantada y difundida por la Comisión Europea entre los estados miembros, parece ser el instrumento central de este nuevo enfoque. Sustentando el grueso de su filosofía y de sus formas de intervención en la aplicación de políticas activas de empleo, que nacieron en el marco de la economía laboral sueca para resolver problemas de paro friccional, las políticas activas pasan al centro de la acción social contemporánea, interpelando, tal y como planteamos aquí, las formas del Estado de bienestar keynesiano clásico y apuntando hacia la reconstrucción de nuevas representaciones sobre las visiones legítimas de la intervención social en materia de paro y exclusión. ; From middle of the nineties, in Europe we can see the consolidation of what seems to be a new philosophy and its consistent practice, in relation to facing the problematics of the social question of our time. The high unemployment rates of the beginning of the eighties which later maintained high, weren't analyzed anymore as a conjuntural problem, but being seen as of a structural character. For this reason, politician administrative officer have led to the point to solve the questions of unemployment and social exclusion. The European Strategy of the Employment, well-established and spread by the European Commission between the member states, seems to be the central instrument of this new approach. Sustaining the force of its philosophy and of its forms of ...

En las últimas décadas asistimos a transformaciones fundamentales en diferentes ámbitos sociales de los países de la Unión Europea. La ampliación sin precedentes históricos de los sistemas educativos bajo el influjo del Estado del Bienestar, ha propiciado, especialmente en España, una generación de trabajadores jóvenes cuya cualificación está sin duda entre las más altas de la historia nacional. Al mismo tiempo, tanto la cantidad como la calidad de los trabajos disponibles ha evolucionado en términos negativos, dándose la paradoja de que estos jóvenes, cada vez más formados, tardan más tiempo y encuentran más dificultades para insertarse en los mercados laborales flexibilizados. En este contexto de alejamiento de las esferas educativa y laboral aparecen nuevas figuras de intervención sociolaboral, como serían los monitores de formación profesional ocupacional o los orientadores laborales, cuyo proceso de formación analizamos en este artículo. ; In the last decades we have been presented fundamental transformations in different areas of the social life that characterizes the countries of the European Union. An extension of the educational systems under the influence of the Keynesian Welfare state has generated in these countries, especially in Spain, a generation of young workers whose qualification seems to be among the highest of the national history. Nevertheless, at the same time, both the quantity and the quality of the available works on the market have evolved in negative terms in the same period. It is just in this context of progressive separation of the two areas, that we must understand the emergence of a new figure in the field of the socio-pedagogical work: the mediators for employment, where we have to an example of such figures would be the monitors for training courses or the work counsellors, whose process of learning and acquisition of pedagogic attitudes for the performance of his daily activities we analyze in this article.

In the social and labour context of last decades, marked by the growth of the school tidegrees and a parallel contraction of the working places, we can see to appear the active policies of employment that try to intervene in the law of supply and demand on the market. These policies trying to help individually the unemployed people in his labour insertion, and also to reducing the rates of unemployment. These policies deserve all the interest, for being the priority approach of the European Union as in relation to the employment and social intervention at present. In this text, we depart from a doctoral study in which a fundamentally qualitative analysis has been carried out on the network of centres of orientation in a one local area: the city of Granada. We will offer here, a sociological explanation on the role of the constrictions, the limits and the effects that the task of the labour councelors faces with his users. ; En el contexto sociolaboral de las últimas décadas, marcado por el crecimiento de los títulos escolares y una paralela contracción de los puestos de trabajo, aparecen medidas como las políticas activas de empleo que intentan intervenir en la relación oferta-demanda para ayudar individualmente a los parados en su inserción, por un lado, y reducir las tasas de paro, por otro. Estas políticas merecen todo el interés, por ser el enfoque prioritario de la Unión Europea en materia de empleo e intervención social en la actualidad. En este texto, partiendo de un estudio doctoral en el que se ha efectuado un análisis fundamentalmente cualitativo sobre la red de centros de orientación de un ámbito local como la ciudad de Granada, se ofrecerá una explicación sociológica sobre el papel de las constricciones, los límites y los efectos que la tarea de los orientadores laborales enfrenta con sus públicos de usuarios.

Las políticas activas de empleo nacieron en un contexto específico de los mercados de trabajo, en el que las bajas tasas de paro las hacían eficaces combinadas con medidas keynesianas de intervención social, para intervenir mejorando los desajustes entre la oferta y la demanda de trabajo, y favoreciendo paralelamente la inserción y la cohesión social. Pero los escenarios de los mercados laborales cambian de manera importante a partir de los ochenta, y con la existencia de un paro estructural, la popularización de estas medidas pasa de lo puramente laboral, al entronque con las políticas sociales de las sociedades donde intervienen. Se analiza en este artículo la evolución de las políticas activas de empleo, que irían de haberse instalado en un clima propio de "welfare" hacia un giro destacable representado por los principios del "workfare". Mostrando la importancia cada vez mayor otorgada por la Unión Europea a estas medidas, como formas centrales de intervención en la cuestión social, podemos desarrollar la hipótesis de su impacto en los modelos de bienestar, impacto que supondría básicamente un giro del "keynesianismo" hacia conceptos de Estado del "bienestar activo"_________________________________The active policies of employment were born in a specific context of the labour markets, in which the low rates of unemployment were doing them effective, combined with Keynesian measures of social intervention. Simultaneously, this improved insertion and social cohesion. But the stages of labour market have changed in an important way since the eighties, with the existence of structural unemployment. The popularization of these measures goes from being purely related to labour towards a wider social context. In this article, we analyze the evolution of active employment policies. Theses policies have started within a social context of welfare, but are now developing into a new figure. The European Union is giving these policies an increasing relevance as central forms of intervention in the social question. This allows us to develop the hypothesis of their impact on welfare models from Keynesian concepts towards State concepts of active welfare.

We establish curvature estimates and a convexity result for mean convex properly embedded [phi, (e) over right arrow (3)]-minimal surfaces in R-3, i.e., phi-minimal surfaces when phi depends only on the third coordinate of R3. Led by the works on curvature estimates for surfaces in 3-manifolds, due to White for minimal surfaces, to Rosenberg, Souam and Toubiana for stable CMC surfaces, and to Spruck and Xiao for stable translating solitons in R-3, we use a compactness argument to provide curvature estimates for a family of mean convex [phi, (e) over right arrow (3)]-minimal surfaces in R-3. We apply this result to generalize the convexity property of Spruck and Xiao for translating solitons. More precisely, we characterize the convexity of a properly embedded [phi, (e) over right arrow (3)]-minimal surface in R-3 with non-positive mean curvature when the growth at infinity of phi is at most quadratic. ; Spanish Government MTM2016-80313-P ; Junta de Andalucia A-FQM-139-UGR18 ; "Maria de Maeztu" Excellence Unit IMAG - MCIN/AEI CEX2020-001105-M ; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) 001

Animal Feed has become an increasing critical component of the integrated food chain, in 2010 about 1000 mt of animal feed was produced globally and 150 mt in the EU27. The animal feed has an important impact in the human health. The farm or feedlot is the origin of microorganisms introduced onto carcasses during slaughter and dressing. It appears that changes in diet and management practices could precipitate increased shedding of pathogens. Additionally, antibiotics are used in animals, not only for treatment or prevent diseases, but also to promote growth. As a result of the use of antibiotics, food can contain antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes with important public health consequences. Although antibiotics are banned as growth promoters in the European Union and some other countries, this is not the case throughout the WHO European Region. Travel and the globalization of trade further increase the risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ; Peer reviewed

The effect against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium of PEF treatment combined with cauliflower and mandarin by-product infusions at several concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10% (w/v)) was evaluated at various incubation temperatures (10, 22, and 37 °C). The possible synergistic antimicrobial action of the combined process of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology followed by exposure to the by-product infusions and the occurrence of sublethal cellular damage were also studied. Antimicrobial kinetics of by-product infusions alone or following PEF treatment were fitted to a Weibull model. Both mandarin and cauliflower by-product infusions showed a maximum antimicrobial effect against S. Typhimurium after 10 h at 37 °C when the microorganism was exposed to 10% of by-product infusion, achieving reductions of initial bacterial load up to undetectable levels. The effect of the PEF treatment (20 kV–900 μs) caused a reduction of 4 log cycles of the initial cell population (108 cfu/mL) of S. Typhimurium and 1 log cycle (90%) of cellular damage. Moreover, when the PEF pre-treated S. Typhimurium population was subjected to subsequent incubation in the presence of both by-product [10%] infusions, the microbial inactivation was faster, achieving a reduction of the initial bacterial load (4 log10 cycles) up to undetectable levels in 2 h. The kinetic values of the Weibull model were obtained. The higher the concentration of by-product infusion, temperature, and PEF treatment applied, the greater the kinetic parameter "b" values, which are related to the microbial inactivation rate. Therefore, the addition of cauliflower and mandarin by-product infusions could be a good additional control measure contributing to ensure bacterial counts below recommended limits in pasteurized PEF products during their storage at refrigeration temperatures. ; M. Sanz-Puig is grateful to the CSIC for providing a contract as a researcher working actively on project AGL 2013-48993-C2-2-R. The present research work was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project AGL 2013-48993-C2-2-R and with FEDER funds. We are also grateful to INDULLEIDA, S.A. and TRASA, S.L. for providing the by-products that we worked with. Authors acknowledge L. Santos-Carvalho Erasmus Placement scholarship, and L.M. Cunha acknowledges support from the European Union (FEDER funds) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educação e Ciência) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/QUI/50006/2013–POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265 (LAQV) and UID/AGR/04033/2013–POCI/01/0145/FEDER/006958 (CITAB). ; Peer reviewed