Suchergebnisse

The experience of Spaniards deported to Nazi camps has traditionally occupied a secondary position in historiography. Available evidence, however, indicates that the Spanish case evinced a uniqueness that has not yet been fully studied. This article proposes a transversal analysis by means of which to study the significance of the Spanish group deported to the Austrian camp of Mauthausen, measuring the degree to which they were integrated within the concentration camp hierarchy, the number of privileged positions occupied within the camp and their evolution over time. Similarly, the article explores the exceptional case of the Ebensee satellite camp, where the group of Spanish prisoners suffered an unusually low death rate.

Este artículo ofrece una valoración crítica del estado actual de la normativa sobre estabilidad presupuestaria aplicable a las CCAA españolas. En particular, se concentra en la Ley Orgánica de Estabilidad Presupuestaria y Sostenibilidad Financiera (LOEPSF), que ha mostrado una reducida eficacia para el cumplimiento de los objetivos de déficit público y regla de gasto. De manera complementaria, la LOEPSF también ha presentado deficiencias para cubrir el periodo transitorio ahora finalizado, en la aplicación de los mecanismos correctivos, en la ausencia de un mayor automatismo y en la interpretación de algunas de sus cláusulas sobre superávits e ingresos extraordinarios. De cara a su posible reforma, habría que tener en cuenta el nuevo marco de gobernanza fiscal europeo, una eventual reforma de la financiación autonómica en un contexto de profunda recesión económica y un cambio radical (si no la deseable eliminación) de los mecanismos extraordinarios de financiación.

Este artículo ofrece una valoración crítica del estado actual de la normativa sobre estabilidad presupuestaria aplicable a las CCAA españolas. En particular, se concentra en la Ley Orgánica de Estabilidad Presupuestaria y Sostenibilidad Financiera (LOEPSF), que ha mostrado una reducida eficacia para el cumplimiento de los objetivos de déficit público y regla de gasto. De manera complementaria, la LOEPSF también ha presentado deficiencias para cubrir el periodo transitorio ahora finalizado, en la aplicación de los mecanismos correctivos, en la ausencia de un mayor automatismo y en la interpretación de algunas de sus cláusulas sobre superávits e ingresos extraordinarios. De cara a su posible reforma, habría que tener en cuenta el nuevo marco de gobernanza fiscal europeo, una eventual reforma de la financiación autonómica en un contexto de profunda recesión económica y un cambio radical (si no la deseable eliminación) de los mecanismos extraordinarios de financiación. ; This paper provides a critical assessment of the current legislation on budget stability for the case of the Spanish regions. Particularly, the paper focuses on its very limited effectiveness for the compliance of the deficit and expenditure rules objectives. Moreover, the application of this legislation has experienced significant failures in dealing with the transitory period, the application of the corrective mechanisms, the lack of higher automatism and the interpretation of some provisions related to budget surplus and nonexpected fiscal revenues. The possible reform of such legislation should take into consideration a number of issues, namely, the reform of the European economic governance, the changes in the Spanish territorial financing system and the complete revision (if not elimination) of the extraordinary financial funds.

Julián Besteiro was one of the most relevant socialist politicians and intellectuals of the first third of the twentieth century in the History of Spain. The partial failure of the general strike that took place against the backdrop of the Spanish Crisis of 1917, the decadence of the Second International, the arising of the Komintern, the formation of the Communist Party of Spain in 1921 and a brief stay in London, ended up modifying Julian Besteiro´s thinking as well as the way he understood socialism. Right after his death in 1925, Pablo Iglesias was succeeded by Besteiro who became the leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers´ Party and of a declining faction within the Party whose understanding of the socialist doctrine was akin to the English Fabian Society´s principles. This article aims to shed light upon the configuration of Besteiro´s particular way of rethinking socialism and the influence of his trip to England in 1924 in the formation of a current of thought that has often been called as besteirismo. ; Julián Besteiro fue uno de los intelectuales y políticos socialistas más relevantes de la Historia de España durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. El fracaso parcial de la huelga de 1917, la decadencia de la II Internacional, la aparición de la Komintern, la escisión del Partido Socialista en 1921 y una breve estancia en Londres acabarían por modificar definitivamente su pensamiento y su forma de concebir el socialismo. Tras el fallecimiento de Pablo Iglesias en 1925, Besteiro se convertiría en su sucesor, pasando a liderar una cada vez más minoritaria facción que apostaba por un modelo de socialismo que ha sido a menudo calificado como "gradualista" o de "signo fabiano". Este artículo pretende arrojar luz acerca de la configuración de este giro en el pensamiento de Besteiro, así como el papel que su estancia en Inglaterra tuvo en la configuración de lo que tradicionalmente se ha denominado como besteirismo.

This paper studies the provision of public inputs in a federal system. A vertical tax externality is also considered in a simple general equilibrium model used to analyze the efficiency of equilibria under different scenarios. The results show that the state provision of public inputs may affect ambiguously federal tax revenues, depending on the vertical tax externality, amongst others issues. Moreover, it is proved that achieving a second best allocation is not straightforward for a federal government that plays as Stackelberg leader. At this point, the state's reaction function becomes crucial when the design of vertical grants is restricted.

This paper analyses how the existence of unemployment a§ects the conventional approach to vertical externalities. We discuss the optimality rule for the provision of public inputs both in an unitary and a federal country. Our Öndings show that decentralizing the spending responsability on public inputs can bring its optimality rule closer to the production e¢ ciency condition. Moreover, we describe the inability of the federal government, behaving as Stackelberg leader, to replicate the unitary outcome, unless to have new policy instruments at governmentís disposal. ; Spanish Ministry of Science ECO2010-15553 ECO2010- 21706 ; Junta de Andalucia SEJ-02479 SEJ-6882

[Abstract] This paper analyses how the existence of unemployment affects the conventional approach to vertical externalities. We discuss the optimality rule for the provision of public inputs both in a unitary and in a federal state. Our findings indicate that decentralising spending responsability on public inputs in the presence of unemployment allows output to be closer to the first best level. Moreover, we describe the inability of the federal government, behaving as a Stackelberg leader, to replicate the unitary outcome, unless there are new policy instruments at government's disposal.

This paper analyses how the existence of unemployment affects the conventional approach to vertical externalities. We discuss the optimality rule for the provision of public inputs both in an unitary and a federal country. Our findings show that decentralizing the spending responsability on public inputs can bring its optimality rule closer to the production efficiency condition. Moreover, we describe the inability of the federal government, behaving as Stackelberg leader, to replicate the unitary outcome, unless to have new policy instruments at government's disposal.

Examining the cases of Canada, Germany, and Spain, the role played by fiscal equalization schemes in determining subnational borrowing was analyzed, and the link between regional governments' primary fiscal balances and gross domestic product per capita was tested econometrically. The study results show that either poor or rich regions can display higher regional public borrowing on average, and these results can be linked to the institutional design of regional equalization systems in place. Particular elements, such as tax efforts and fiscal capacities, also play relevant roles in this regard. Reforms of these schemes can therefore prove instrumental in reducing regional heterogeneity in public borrowing.

Honey bee hives are moved yearly mainly for pollination, but also to take advantage of consecutive flowering events to get as many harvests of honey as possible and/or to find favorable sites for food sources and summer temperatures. Such movements may lead to pathogen spill-over with consequences on the honey bee health and finally on population decline. Ascosphaera apis is the causative agent of the chalkbrood disease, a pathology affecting honey bee larvae that significantly harms population growth and colony productivity. In this study, we detected the presence of A. apis in adult worker honey bees by PCR-amplification of the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the ribosomal gene (rDNA). We first optimized the DNA extraction by testing different protocols in individual and pooled (colony level) adult honey bee samples. Subsequently, the presence of the fungus A. apis was assessed in both stationary and migratory colonies (subjected to small scale regional level movements) to determine the effect of migratory practices on the dispersal of this pathogen. Results confirmed a higher prevalence of A. apis in migratory apiaries when compared to stationary ones, indicating that migratory colonies are more likely to develop chalkbrood disease. Given these results, we suggest that beekeepers should be aware of the risks of pathogens spreading while moving beehives, even within a reduced geographic range.

This work was supported by European Union FEDER funds, "Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria" (PI16/00113) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish MINECO (SAF2016-80843-R) and La Caixa Foundation (HR17-00247). J.R.-C. is supported by postdoctoral contracts from the "Juan de la Cierva" program (FJCI-2015-23849 and IJCI-2017-32070). CIBERDEM and CIBERCV are Instituto de Salud Carlos III projects.