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"The book highlights international efforts in cyber environment regulation, reviews the best practices of the leading cyber powers and their controversial approaches, urges for responsible state behaviour. It also proposes information security and cyber defence solutions and suggests definitions for selected conflicting cyber terms. The disruptive potential of cyber tools merging with military weapons is examined from the technical point of view, as well as legal, ethical, and political perspectives"--

Skilled scientists are not immune to the appeal of terrorist groups, indeed recent studies indicate that engineers and medical doctors are over-represented within terrorist organizations. Also of particular concern with regard to the potential radicalization of scientists is the issue of the 'lone wolf'; an individual who prepares and commits violence alone, outside of any command structure and without material assistance from any group. This book presents papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) entitled 'The Risk of Skilled Scientist Radicalization and Emerging Biological Warfare Threats', held in Como, Italy, from 29 November to 2 December 2016. The aim of this ARW was to assess the risks surrounding the ability of radical terrorist groups to recruit highly skilled scientists. The ARW was unique in that it brought together acknowledged experts from the social science community and the scientific technical community to discuss their perspectives on the risk of radicalization of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) skilled scientists. Countering terrorist organizations requires a comprehensive approach characterized by international cooperation across the military, intelligence, policy-making and scientific communities. The book provides an overview of the situation, as well as recommendations for how such cooperation can be achieved, and will be of interest to all those involved in the counter-terrorism process.

This book covers the security and safety of CBRNE assets and management, and illustrates which risks may emerge and how to counter them through an enhanced risk management approach. It also tackles the CBRNE-Cyber threats, their risk mitigation measures and the relevance of raising awareness and education enforcing a CBRNE-Cy security culture. The authors present international instruments and legislation to deal with these threats, for instance the UNSCR1540. The authors address a multitude of stakeholders, and have a multidisciplinary nature dealing with cross-cutting areas like the convergence of biological and chemical, the development of edging technologies, and in the cyber domain, the impelling risks due to the use of malwares against critical subsystems of CBRN facilities. Examples are provided in this book. Academicians, diplomats, technicians and engineers working in the chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive and cyber fields will find this book valuable as a reference. Students studying in these related fields will also find this book useful as a reference

The role of the law in front of nuclear technologies and nuclear weapons is a meaningful one. The law is aimed to regulate the existing nuclear activities, or – at a preliminary stage – to (try to) prevent and govern the risks arising from the misuse of nuclear technologies, or to tackle the problem of nuclear proliferation. However, on many occasions, it appears that the law is inefficient to deal with these issues. Thus, the paper proposes some "best practice" legal ways to be followed, in order to build a cooperative nuclear compliance at a global level. The analysis starts from the focus on the Treaty of Non-Proliferation (NPT), highlighting the content of Article VI as judicially interpreted by the International Court of Justice, and examining the gaps and limits that the NPT still owns. After defining the notions of "verification, compliance and enforcement", the paper concentrates on some methods and mechanisms that have been established at the international law level in general, with the purpose to obtain the respect of international rules. In the belief that the comparison could be useful as a "source of inspiration" for the nuclear non-proliferation, the chosen ways of verification and compliance pertain to the area of environmental law and trade law. On the basis of such comparison, a set of guidelines for enhancing cooperative compliance in the nuclear field is concretely offered. In particular, it is stressed to (a) collect and monitor the data; (b) reinforce the structure and action of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); (c) involve other UN bodies, of States and civil society; and (d) follow the principles of (i) the rule of law, (ii) impartiality and non-discrimination, (iii) transparency, and (iv) responsibility. ; Peer reviewed