The study aimed to estimate national rice consumption, total rice demand, and national rice adequacy in 2002-2007. Secondary data such as household rice consumption in 2002-2007 based on SUSENAS data, government rice consumption (distribution of raskin in 2002-2007), and national rice availability in 2002-2007 based on food balance sheet in 2002-2007. National rice consumption, based on estimation, was 28,317,272 tons or 134.4 Kg/cap (in 2002), 28,135,078 tons or 128.4 Kg/cap (in 2005), and 27,050,183 tons or 120.2 Kg/cap (in 2007). National rice requirement, based on estimation, was 31,900,529 tons or 151.5 Kg/cap (in 2002), 31,760,865 tons or 144.9 Kg/cap (in 2005), and 30,618,665 tons or 136.0 Kg/cap (in 2007). Rice availability coming from domestic production (without import) was deficit in 2002 and 2005. Domestic rice availability was surplus in 2007 (5.9 %).
Background: The right to food is one of the human rights that must be protected and fulfilled. Inequality in priorities on food and nutrition security development causes a sharp distinction among provinces regarding food security achievement. Currently, methods for evaluating the right to food at the provincial level are not yet available. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the right to food at the provincial level in Indonesia with a food system approach (food availability, food accessibility, and food utilization) using structural, process, and outcome indicators. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The data consist of regulations, programs, and the government's performance achievements. There were five data analysis stages: identification, selection, assessment indicators, provincial rankings provision, and the characteristics based on cluster analysis. Results: Based on the evaluation of 36 selected indicators of the right to food, only three provinces were included in the high category, twenty-five provinces in the medium category, and six provinces in the low category. Central Java had the highest level of the right to food, while West Papua had the lowest level. Non-hierarchical clustering with K-Means methods was further applied to analyze the right to food and later divided into five clusters. The first until the third cluster was categorized as medium level, while the fourth and fifth clusters were categorized as low. Conclusions: The right to food in western part of Indonesia had better than the eastern region. The availability of regulations and program implementations with adequate budget support will affect the government's performance in fulfilling the right to food.
Bogor District is one of the priority districts for stunting interventions. The stunting rate in Bogor District was 28.29%. The district government should implement stunting reduction policies that referring to the national movement of nutrition improvement acceleration and the stunting programs convergence. Regional autonomy gives authority to the regions to regulate and implement policies. This study aimed to analyze the internal and external factors of the Bogor District Government that aff ecting the implementation of stunting reduction programs It was a qualitative study in Bogor District. Primary data were collected using interview guidelines to nine offi cials of the Bogor District Government agency related to the stunting program in Bogor District. Secondary data were collected using desk review. Data were analyzed using Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) analysis. The results showed that total score of IFE is 2.96 and EFE scores is 2.94. Bogor District Government can optimally use its strengths and cut its weaknesses in the internal program. Likewise, Bogor District Government have taken advantage of external opportunities and avoided threats.
This study aims at evaluating the situation of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) at provincial level using six outcome indicators. The cross-sectional study, utilized secondary data from 33 provinces published in 2013. It used a modification of the Global Hunger Index (GHI) method and changed the number of outcome indicators. In addition, an equalization was performed, so that the results obtained were positive. The results showed that all provinces in Indonesia have moderate or less secure food and nutrition level. Hence, the performance of the Indonesian government in food and nutrition security need to be improved. Bali Province had the highest rank in food and nutrition security, while East Nusa Tenggara and Papua Province had the lowest ranks of the 33 provinces during 2013. The low performance achievement of food and nutrition security based on the six outcome indicators signified by the high prevalence of the undernourished population and the high prevalence of stunting and wasting of children under five in all provinces in Indonesia.
Background: Methods of evaluation of the regional government's commitment in the development of food and nutrition security are not yet available. The index that measures the government's commitment to national food and nutrition security is HANCI. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a method of evaluating the commitment of the regional government in the development of food and nutrition security.Objectives: This study aimed to develop a method of evaluating the commitment of regional government in the development of food and nutrition security. Methods: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study using secondary data that refers to HANCI measurements. This research stage consisted of identification of potential indicators, qualitative selection of candidate indicator, assessment of indicator used the scoring method, and applied the method to provinces in Indonesia. Results: The result showed shortlist of 42 commitment indicators of food and nutrition security and aggregate score of provinces. Only 2.9% of provinces had high commitment and 17.6% of provinces with low commitment level. Highest rank was achieved by East Java Province and the lowest rank was East Nusa Tenggara Province. Low political commitment could lead to low priority of food and nutrition interventions. The government was in need to make regulations/policies and prepare adequate budgets for specific and sensitive food and nutrition programs.Conclusions: Development of this evaluation method is relevant to show the commitment of the regional government. The government needs to improve efforts to address problems of food and nutrition.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Metode evaluasi komitmen pemerintah daerah provinsi dalam pembangunan ketahanan pangan dan gizi saat ini belum tersedia. Index yang mengukur komitmen pemerintah terhadap ketahanan pangan dan gizi secara nasional adalah HANCI. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode evaluasi komitmen pemerintah daerah provinsi dalam pembangunan ketahanan pangan dan gizi.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode evaluasi komitmen pemerintah daerah provinsi dalam pengembangan ketahanan pangan dan gizi.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional study dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang mengacu pada pengukuran HANCI. Tahap penelitian terdiri dari identifikasi indikator potensial, seleksi calon indikator secara kualitatif, perhitungan skor menggunakan metode scoring, dan aplikasi metode pada provinsi di Indonesia.Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan shortlist 42 indikator komitmen ketahanan pangan dan gizi dan skor agregat provinsi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa hanya 2,9% provinsi yang memiliki komitmen tinggi dan 17,6% provinsi memiliki tingkat komitmen rendah. Provinsi Jawa Timur berada pada peringkat pertama sedangkan peringkat terakhir ditempati oleh Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Komitmen politik yang rendah dapat menyebabkan rendahnya prioritas intervensi pangan dan gizi. Pemerintah perlu membuat peraturan/kebijakan dan menyiapkan anggaran yang memadai untuk program pangan dan gizi secara spesifik maupun sensitif.Kesimpulan: Pengembangan metode telah relevan digunakan untuk melihat komitmen pemerintah daerah provinsi. Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan upaya berupa pembuatan peraturan dan kebijakan serta anggaran untuk penanganan masalah pangan dan gizi.
The limitation in both human and natural resources lead the Local Government of West Lampung to make a priority in budget allocation. The study was aimed to: 1) identify the policy, programs, and activities related to food security at each government institution,2) evaluate the performance among related institution in food security program and activities implementation, and 3) to develop recommendation for food security program and activities improvement. Secondary data were used to address the mentioned objectives. Role of each institution in food security improvement have been defined including the budget allocation. Content analysis from the regional strategic plan shows that there were programs and activities for each sector directed to improve food and nutrition security. However parts of the written plan haven't been implemented yet. Performance analysis from those which have been implemented indicates that most of the program and activities were achieving the target. Rice production exceeded the target, infrastructure improved, and food prices stable. Intake of animal food and tubers are lower than nutrition norms of desirable dietary pattern (PPH). The prevalence of under-nutrition was considered low.
This research aims to analyze the local government budget policies in supporting food security dvelopment in Lampung Barat District. The design of this study is retrospective using seondary data from related institutions in Lampung Barat. To identify the share of credit and debit of local budget or APBD, a Comparative Budget Statement (CBS) is used, and to identify the budget proportion for food security oriented programs/activities, the Content Analysis method is applied. From the CBS analysis result, it is revealed that the biggest share is from Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) or General Alloctaion Fund, accounting for 66.25% and the smallest share is from Local Original Revenue or Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), which is only around 1.60%. The share of Development Budget is approximately 57.58%, while the share of Routine Budget is 42.42%. It is also found that the Local Budget has increased constantly during the last 5 years with the average is Rp. 304 068 008 767. From this amount, Rp24 286 406 768 or about 7.6% per annum has been allocated for food security development.
Budgetary support from the government is one of its forms of seriousness in an effort to foster the food security. This study aims to analyze the regional financial capacity, as well as the budget allocation for the development of food security in the East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT), South Central Timor Regency (TTS), and Rote Ndao Regency. The two analytical methods used are content analysis and descriptive statistics. NTT Province has a medium fiscal degree, a high level of regional financial dependency, and a low level of local financial independency. The local governments of both TTS Regency and Rote Ndao Regency have an extremely low degree of fiscal decentralization, a very high level of local financial dependency, and are not self-sufficient in terms of local financial independence. Local governments need to generate local revenues to reduce the dependency on the central government. The percentage of the budget for the development of food security amounted to only 7.04 percent for the province, 7.46 percent for TTS Regency, and 8.94 percent for Rote Ndao Regency. The subsystems of food availability are still the focus of the food security development in the province and regencies. The budget allocations for food security deserve an optimal portion and should be prioritized on the subsystems that have been the major issues in East Nusa Tenggara.
Until the year of 2008, Indonesia's food consumption quality has not met its ideal pattern yet as shown by DDP (Desirable Dietary Pattern) Score 81.9 and the domination of rice consumption up to 64.1%. The government of Indonesia's effort to accelerate food consumption diversification requires coordination and good preparation of all related stakeholders. Therefore the aims of this study were to assess the perceptions of the key persons at the local government regarding the food consumption diversification program and to analyze the strategy priority in achieving the acceleration program. This research was carried out in March to December 2008 and used a cross sectional study. Survey was done in three provinces which represent the differences of food consumption pattern. In each province, twenty head officers at the local government purposively selected were assessed about their perception. The perception data was measured by Likert scale and analyzed by the trends using percents and mode score. The strategy priority was measured by AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. This research shows that there are variations among stakeholders in the three provinces ranging "from poor to good" in perceiving the concept and application of food consumption diversification program. Nevertheless, local food is mainly defined as should be locally produced. Increasing the commitment and participation within all stakeholders (29. 3%) are the strategy priority besides promoting local food business through capital and marketing support (25.1%).
Food demand can be found dynamic, altering by the change in price and income. How great the influence of those changes to food consumption is the important information as the basic consideration for government in creating policy related to food consumption. The objective of the research, which has survey design, was to analyze staple food consumption and demand pattern in household in Indonesia. The research was conducted in Bogor, from March to June 2008 by using secondary data Susenas year 2005 with 64.709 households as the samples. The staple food analyzed were rice, corn, cassava, sweet potato, wheat flour and its derived product (instant noodle, noodle). Data was processed by SAS program version 6.12 and Double-Log Regression econometrical model. Then, it was analyzed descriptively. Result shows that rice has the biggest expenditure proportion among staple food. Almost all staple food is obtained by purchasing, except in corn, cassava, and sweet potatoes. Energy contribution from rice reaches half of total energy consumption. The consumption of rice, corn, cassava, sweet potatoes, wheat flour and its derived product, instant noodle, and wheat noodle per capita per year are 100.52 kg, 3.36 kg, 11.67 kg, 4.10 kg, 5.09 kg, 3.39 kg, and 0.22 kg. Staple food which has consumption participation level almost 100% is rice. The own price elasticity of staple foods are not elastic, except in corn, wheat flour and its derived product. The income elasticity of all staple foods is not elastic in all category of region and income stratification. The demand elasticity of staple food give some implications on consumption and food consumption improvement, they are: 1) raising price of staple food can decrease consumption, thus, price stability is very important, 2) almost all staple foods has not elastic income elasticity, so that food consumption improvement needs great stimulus of increasing income, 3) poor household is greatly influenced by the increasing of price, thus, food consumption improvement for them must be conducted by doing many relevant efforts, 4) target of decreasing rice consumption is still cannot be reached, so that staple food diversification must be continuously developed, 5) in order to develop local food consumption, like corn, cassava, and sweet potato, the development of agro industry based on local food and Communication Information Education (CIE) about food consumption diversification are essential to be conducted.
Unbranded palm cooking oil has been fortified for several years and can be found in the market with different oxidation levels. This study aimed to investigate the stability and shelf life of unbranded, bulk, vitamin A-fortified palm oils with the most commonly observed oxidation levels in Indonesia. Three types of cooking oils were tested: (i) cooking oil with a peroxide value (PV) below 2 mEq O2/kg (PO1); (ii) cooking oil with a PV around 4 mEq O2/kg (PO2); and (iii) cooking oil with a PV around 9 mEq O2/kg (PO3). The oil shelf life was determined by using accelerated shelf life testing (ASLT), where the product was stored at 60, 75 and 90 °C, and then PV, free fatty acid and vitamin A concentration in the oil samples were measured. The results showed that PO1 had a shelf life of between 2–3 months, while PO2's shelf life was a few weeks and PO3's only a few days. Even given those varying shelf lives, the vitamin A loss in the oils was still acceptable, at around 10%. However, the short shelf life of highly oxidized cooking oil, such as PO3, might negatively impact health, due to the potential increase of free radicals of the lipid peroxidation in the oil. Based on the results, the Indonesian government should prohibit the sale of highly-oxidized cooking oil. In addition, government authorities should promote and endorse the fortification of only cooking oil with low peroxide levels to ensure that fortification is not associated with any health issues associated with high oxidation levels of the cooking oil.
