Suchergebnisse

O presente artigo discute a relação entre orçamento e democracia, argumentando que as transformações propugnadas pela orçamentação por resultados possuem não somente benefícios gerenciais para a administração pública, mas também efeitos positivos sobre o sistema político e suas instituições. Dados empíricos demonstram que os padrões de confiança institucional na América Latina são baixos, apesar de a confiança no regime democrático ser significativamente maior. A implantação do modelo de orçamento orientado a resultados (OOR) representa ruptura com o paradigma tradicional de gestão pública, propondo a substituição do foco nos insumos, controles, regulamentos e conformidade pela ênfase na ação estratégica, efetividade do gasto público, flexibilidade gerencial, accountability e participação da sociedade. A formulação de políticas públicas orientadas para as necessidades dos cidadãos fomenta o capital social da comunidade, alavancando relações sinérgicas entre governo e sociedade. Esse estreitamento fortalece as instituições democráticas na medida em que favorece o monitoramento do desempenho do governante pela sua comunidade e, especialmente, contribui para aprimorar os mecanismos de representação política.Palavras-chave: orçamento, democracia, confiança institucional.

This book guides civil rights lawyers-and informs judges, legislators, and academics-in the effective use of international law in U.S. federal and state cases. The author highlights many concrete areas in which international law can enhance human rights protection both in the U.S. and abroad, such as: Death penalty Lethal force by police and military authorities Extraterritorial privacy protection Gay and lesbian rights Government liability for foreseeable harm Compensation for unintentional false imprisonment. This eminently practical approach-based on model briefs developed for and used by leading U.S. civil rights lawyers and organizations-presents an extremely rare treatment of international human rights law. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint

The Constitution as Treaty, first published in 2007, transforms the conceptualization of US constitutional law by exploring the interpretive implications of viewing the US Constitution as a treaty. It argues that federal courts constitute an international tribunal system, and, as such, their jurisdiction is governed by international law enabling them to exercise judicial review authority and undercutting much of the judicial activist critique. The Constitution as Treaty continues with an examination of what is international law and its major interpretive principles in order to set the stage for examining how different sources and principles of international law are intrinsically integrated into US constitutional law and, thereby, are available to federal courts for deciding cases. It addresses the Charming Betsy Rule, the non-self-execution doctrine, the last-in-time rule, and the proper use of customary international law and other international law sources not mentioned in Article III. The Constitution as Treaty concludes that federal courts generally must construe the United States' international legal obligations liberally

The Constitution as Treaty, first published in 2007, transforms the conceptualization of US constitutional law by exploring the interpretive implications of viewing the US Constitution as a treaty. It argues that federal courts constitute an international tribunal system, and, as such, their jurisdiction is governed by international law enabling them to exercise judicial review authority and undercutting much of the judicial activist critique. The Constitution as Treaty continues with an examination of what is international law and its major interpretive principles in order to set the stage for examining how different sources and principles of international law are intrinsically integrated into US constitutional law and, thereby, are available to federal courts for deciding cases. It addresses the Charming Betsy Rule, the non-self-execution doctrine, the last-in-time rule, and the proper use of customary international law and other international law sources not mentioned in Article III. The Constitution as Treaty concludes that federal courts generally must construe the United States' international legal obligations liberally

International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law: Treaties, Cases, and Analysis introduces the reader to the international legal instruments and case law governing the substantive and procedural dimensions of international human rights and humanitarian law, including economic, social, and cultural rights. The book, which was originally published in 2006, also discusses the history and organisational structure of human rights and humanitarian law enforcement mechanisms. A chapter is devoted a chapter to the issues surrounding the incorporation of international law into U.S. law, including principles of constitutional and statutory interpretation, conflict rules, and the self-execution doctrine. Questions and comments sections provide critical analyses of issues raised in the materials. The last chapter addresses theoretical issues facing contemporary international human rights and humanitarian law and its enforcement

Social media are already part of the communicative routines of most organizations, including communication agencies. Nevertheless, given their duty to serve other companies, these agencies should have an advanced understanding of these platforms, not only in their most profound sense but also in a time-advanced one. In other words, agencies should test emerging social media with the aim of knowing them in-depth and determining whether they serve their communicative purpose. It should be noticed that investment in digital advertising and actions with influencers are greater and greater. Besides, they are platforms that not necessarily remain unalterable, but some of them achieve their life cycle, even disappearing. On this matter, it is necessary to check if agencies really are working on the most recent social networks or only on those which are already consolidated. For such a research, the quantitative method, based on the content analysis, was adopted within a descriptive study. It was used on a sample of the ten communication agencies with the highest billing which operate in Spain. As secondary research objectives, it was considered to analyze the use that agencies do of social media which they are present in, to determine the existence of online content strategies, as well as to value the interaction level of these companies on online channels. The results show that most of analyzed agencies offer web 2.0-related services, such as digital strategy, online content management, monitoring and influencers relations. Social media talking, except for a few cases, communication agencies prefer to maintain a presence on the most consolidated social networks (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube). Furthermore, those are the ones that usually have links on their websites. This does not mean that agencies do not use the more recent applications, but that, mostly, they do not do this for their benefit as a brand. Otherwise they keep them in the background. In fact, some agencies use current platforms, such as Twitch or TikTok, publishing suitable content to their characteristics, which means that agencies know their possibilities, although their use is not still usual among them. Among the commonly used social networks, the activity of these agencies remains along the lines of what has already been concluded in previous academic papers: the purpose of information dissemination prevails with a self-promoting role. Communication agencies keep their social profiles updated and, during the month of research, they constantly published content, especially, information about themselves or about the communication sector, followed by news of common interest, clients news and projects carried out. Finally, although they published content frequently, the interaction with other users is low and, when it happens, it usually has, as mentioned, a self-promoting intention. In conclusion, communication agencies, as other kinds of organizations, are used to introduce social media work in their routines. However, it cannot be said that they are early adopters, at least to self-use. Probably, public relations professionals are researching and going deep in these new platforms, but in a private way, so agencies cannot, or prefer not to show their know-how by doing it.

El movimiento cineclubista universitario, a pesar de tratarse de un fenómeno cultural alternativo y marginal, contribuyó en la lucha por alcanzar la democracia en España. Sin embargo, a medida que el sistema democrático se consolidó estas entidades se vieron forzadas a luchar por su supervivencia. Debido a las escasas fuentes bibliográficas, para materializar esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo una consulta de prensa escrita, de documentación de archivo y entrevistas en profundidad. ; Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.