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Szymanski's treatment of capital flows as indicating revolution ary potential is criticized. On theoretical grounds, his perspective is criticized for misinterpreting the political implications of both classical Marxist and neo- Marxist theories of imperialism. On methodological grounds, he is criticized for use of measures. Finally, a number of questions are posed which are intended to expand the discussion of a Marxist interpretation of capitalist expansion across national barriers.

In 1933, Keynes reflected on the crisis of the Great Depression that arose from individualistic capitalism: 'It is not intelligent, it is not beautiful, it is not just, it is not virtuous – and it doesn't deliver the goods ... But when we wonder what to put in its place, we are extremely perplexed.' We are now in a similar state of perplexity, wondering how to respond to the economic problems of the world. In this epic history of the institutions and individuals who have managed the global economy over ninety years, Martin Daunton explains why one economic order breaks down and how another one is built. In 1933, the World Monetary and Economic Conference brought together the nations of the world: it failed. Trade and currency warfare led to economic nationalism and a turn from globalization that culminated in war. During the Second World War, a new economic order emerged – the embedded liberalism of Bretton Woods, the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – and the post-war General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. These institutions and their rules created a balance between domestic welfare and globalization, complemented by a social contract between labour, capital and the state to share the benefits of economic growth. Yet this embedded liberalism reflected the interests of the 'west' in the Cold War: in the 1970s, it faced collapse, caused by its internal weaknesses and the breakdown of the social contract, and was challenged by the Third World as a form of neo-colonialism. It was succeeded by neoliberalism, financialisation and hyper-globalization. In 2008, the global financial crash exposed the flaws of neoliberalism without leading to a fundamental change. Now, as leading nations are tackling the fall-out from Covid-19, the threats of inflation and food insecurity and the existential risk of climate change, Daunton calls for a return to a globalization that benefits many of the world's poor and a fairer capitalism that delivers domestic welfare and equality. This book is the first history to show how trade, international monetary relations, capital mobility and development impacted on and influenced each other. Martin Daunton places these economic relations in the geo-political context of the twentieth century, and considers the importance of economic ideas and of political ideology, of electoral calculations and institutional design. The book provides a powerful analysis of the origins of our current global crisis, and suggests how we might build a fairer international order.

Rethinking global urbanism at the start of the 21st century -- Part one. Conventional urban theory at a crossroads -- The narrow preoccupations of conventional urban studies -- The universalizing pretensions of mainstream urban studies: generic cities and the convergence thesis -- Part two. Trajectories of global urbanism at the start of the 21st century: a first approximation -- Globalizing cities with world-class aspirations: the emergence of the post-industrial tourist-entertainment city -- Struggling post-industrial cities in decline -- Sprawling megacities of hyper-growth: the unplanned urbanism of the 21st century -- Building cities on a grand scale: the 'instant urbanism' of the 21st century -- Part three. The future of urbanism -- Urban futures.

Pulitzer Prize-winning author Martin J. Sherwin introduces a dramatic new view of how luck and leadership avoided a nuclear holocaust during the October 1962 Cuban missile crisis. Set within the sweep of the Cold War and its nuclear history, every chapter of this gripping narrative of the origins and resolution of history's most dangerous thirteen days offers lessons and a warning for our time. Gambling with Armageddon presents a riveting, page turning account of the crisis as well as an original exploration of the evolving place of nuclear weapons in the Post-World War II world.

Was macht jemanden oder etwas queer? Welche Veränderungen hat Queerness angestoßen? Und gibt es queer überhaupt noch? Queere Kulturen sind lebendige Bestandteile von sich stetig transformierenden Gesellschaften des 21. Jahrhunderts. Kategorien wie Wohlstand, Erfolg und Amüsement, aber auch Sexualität und Schönheit haben innerhalb queerer Subkulturen eine starke Veränderung erfahren und gleichsam so manche Lebensrealität einer allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit beeinflusst. Martin J. Gössl arbeitet heraus, wie die Verstrickungen in heteronormative Systeme und kapitalistische Ordnungen einen queeren Standpunkt zunehmend in Bedrängnis bringen.

Now, for the first time in history, the majority of the world's population lives in cities. But urbanization is accelerating in some places and slowing down in others. The sprawling megacities of Asia and Africa, as well as many other smaller and medium-sized cities throughout the "Global South," are expected to continue growing. At the same time, older industrial cities in wealthier countries are experiencing protracted socioeconomic decline. Nonetheless, mainstream urban studies continues to treat a handful of superstar cities in Europe and North America as the exemplars of world urbanism, even though current global growth and development represent a dramatic break with past patterns.Martin J. Murray offers a groundbreaking guide to the multiplicity, heterogeneity, and complexity of contemporary global urbanism. He identifies and traces four distinct pathways that characterize cities today: tourist-entertainment cities with world-class aspirations; struggling postindustrial cities; megacities experiencing hypergrowth; and "instant cities," or master-planned cities built from scratch. Murray shows how these different types of cities respond to different pressures and logics rather than progressing through the stages of a predetermined linear path. He highlights new spatial patterns of urbanization that have undermined conventional understandings of the city, exploring the emergence of polycentric, fragmented, haphazard, and unbounded metropolises. Such cities, he argues, should not be seen as deviations from a norm but rather as alternatives within a constellation of urban possibility. Innovative and wide-ranging, Many Urbanisms offers ways to understand the disparate forms of global cities today on their own terms

Was macht jemanden oder etwas queer? Welche Veränderungen hat Queerness angestoßen? Und gibt es queer überhaupt noch? Queere Kulturen sind lebendige Bestandteile von sich stetig transformierenden Gesellschaften des 21. Jahrhunderts. Kategorien wie Wohlstand, Erfolg und Amüsement, aber auch Sexualität und Schönheit haben innerhalb queerer Subkulturen eine starke Veränderung erfahren und gleichsam so manche Lebensrealität einer allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit beeinflusst. Martin J. Gössl arbeitet heraus, wie die Verstrickungen in heteronormative Systeme und kapitalistische Ordnungen einen queeren Standpunkt zunehmend in Bedrängnis bringen.

A provocative and inspiring look at the future of humanity and science from world-renowned scientist and bestselling author Martin ReesHumanity has reached a critical moment. Our world is unsettled and rapidly changing, and we face existential risks over the next century. Various outcomes--good and bad--are possible. Yet our approach to the future is characterized by short-term thinking, polarizing debates, alarmist rhetoric, and pessimism. In this short, exhilarating book, renowned scientist and bestselling author Martin Rees argues that humanity's prospects depend on our taking a very different approach to planning for tomorrow.The future of humanity is bound to the future of science and hinges on how successfully we harness technological advances to address our challenges. If we are to use science to solve our problems while avoiding its dystopian risks, we must think rationally, globally, collectively, and optimistically about the long term. Advances in biotechnology, cybertechnology, robotics, and artificial intelligence--if pursued and applied wisely--could empower us to boost the developing and developed world and overcome the threats humanity faces on Earth, from climate change to nuclear war. At the same time, further advances in space science will allow humans to explore the solar system and beyond with robots and AI. But there is no "Plan B" for Earth--no viable alternative within reach if we do not care for our home planet.Rich with fascinating insights into cutting-edge science and technology, this accessible book will captivate anyone who wants to understand the critical issues that will define the future of humanity on Earth and beyond

Intro; Preface; Contents; Abbreviations and Symbols; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1 A Planet in Peril; Introduction; Heat Waves; Natural Disasters; Trends in Climate-Related Disasters; A World on Fire; The Big Melt; Sea Ice; Glaciers; Ice Sheets; Permafrost; Coral Reefs and Oceans; Acidification; Deoxygenation; Plastic Pollution; Air Pollution; Outdoor Air Pollution; Household Air Pollution; Air Pollution and Children; Water Pollution; In Sickness and in Health; Pesticides; Biodiversity; The Sixth Extinction?; The Big Picture; Conclusion; 2 The Overheated Earth; Introduction

Nightmare city -- The anorexic state -- Laager neurosis and the architectural design of enclosed places -- Pluralizing the provision of security -- Unaccountable policing -- Responsibilizing citizenship -- Exclusionary effects of privatizing space -- Epilogue : into the night.

Introduction -- The Indian Act, a legacy of racist patriarchy -- Sexism, racialized injustice, and Lavell v Canada, 1969-73 -- Individual versus collective rights in Status Indian politics, 1985-99 -- Sexism, indigenous sovereignty, and McIvor v The Registrar, 2007-09 -- Conclusion.