Suchergebnisse

La protection de l'eau est devenue un enjeu majeur depuis le renforcement des obligations réglementaires qui imposent le bon état des masses d'eau d'ici 2015. Les gestionnaires de l'eau sont alors contraints de mettre en place des actions préventives, en intervenant sur les pratiques agricoles situées à proximité des captages d'eau potable. Or ces derniers manquent d'expérience pour inciter le changement de ces pratiques sur un territoire. C'est dans ce contexte que le programme de recherche Agriculture Biologique et Périmètre de Captage (ABiPeC), mobilise trois équipes INRA et l'ISARA sur les incitations locales à la conversion en agriculture biologique sur les aires d'alimentation de captage et qu'une étude de six mois a été mise en place à l'INRA de Mirecourt sur le dispositif de protection de l'eau de Lons-le-Saunier, considéré comme un exemple en la matière. Cette étude reconstitue les étapes de construction du dispositif et analyse l'évolution des relations mises en place entre les acteurs. Ce travail a été réalisé par des enquêtes auprès de différentes catégories d'acteurs pour reconstituer les faits et identifier leurs points de vue via une analyse de discours. Les propos recueillis ont permis de comprendre que l'évolution du contexte réglementaire, politique et économique ont régulièrement conduit les acteurs à renégocier le dispositif. Aujourd'hui des tensions entre la ville et les agriculteurs seraient expliquées par l'augmentation du nombre d'acteurs impliqués, qui complexifie les jeux d'acteurs et par le décalage entre eux sur les nouvelles actions à conduire pour protéger l'eau, notamment pour l'agriculture biologique. ; Water protection has been becoming a major issue since the last obligations, imposed by European and national rules reinforcement. Therefore water managers are forced to implement preventive measures, including leading an evolution of agricultural practices located near drinking water wells. Nevertheless, experience to manage this evolution on a territory scale is lacking to managers and scientists. So the research program "Agriculture Biologique et Périmètre de Captage", composed by three teams INRA and ISARA, makes a study of local interventions to encourage organic farming conversion near drinking water wells. Thus study for six months coordinated by Mirecourt INRA resarch team was established on Lons-le-Saunier lead protection of water case, considered as an example in this regard. This study exposes building steps of Lons-le-Saunier policy management and analyzes the evolution of protagonists' relationship. This work was carried out by protagonists' point of view surveys, through a discourse analysis. By this way, discourses allowed us to understand that regulatory, political and economic environments lead actors to negotiate management implements regularly and that nowadays, city and farmers' tensions would be explained by protagonists' involvement increase and by disagreement about allowed actions to protect water, especially for organic farming case.

This article explores how female agency and experience manifest in a local Sierra Leonean peacebuilding program known as Fambul Tok. While post-conflict literature, namely transitional justice and peacebuilding, has become more critical in recent years, there is still a tendency to generalize both the 'local' and 'women'. There is, however, much greater scope to delineate how local programs shape and are shaped by women in these settings. While Fambul Tok was, at least theoretically, meant to better align with the needs and priorities of Sierra Leoneans, including women, the empirics suggest that female engagement ultimately results in a wide range of outcomes, which are not necessarily more 'empowering', 'transformative' or 'good' than international programs. Drawing on original empirical data from Fambul Tok, this article highlights the complexity of gendered power relations within these programs and how individual women have multiple, diverse and contested forms of agency and experiences within local settings.

En su aplicación al derecho a la protección de la salud el principio de universalidad de los derechos ha de interpretarse en términos de accesibilidad a las prestaciones del sistema. Ello suscita la exigencia de hacer pivotar el sistema en gran medida sobre la capacidad económica de cada uno, prohibiendo en cualquier caso la exclusión de los más necesitados. En este punto la reincorporación de los inmigrantes en situación administrativa irregular como titulares del derecho a la asistencia sanitaria gratuita que promueve el Real Decreto – ley 7/2018, de 27 de julio, merece un juicio favorable. Con todo, la solución arbitrada por el Tribunal Constitucional en su valoración de la normativa anterior deja abierta la puerta a una involución legislativa que no tomara en cuenta el genuino sentido de la universalidad en términos de accesibilidad a las referidas prestaciones.

This project investigates the effects of San Francisco's transition from an industrial to a post-industrial economy on the city's social movements between 1964 and 1979. I re-contextualize the city's Black freedom, feminist, and gay and transgender liberation movements as struggles over the changing nature of urban working-class life and labor in the postwar period. I argue that as San Francisco was increasingly emptied of its white ethnic industrial work force, working-class life became more economically and socially precarious. People of color and poor women, queer, and transgender people continued to live and work in the city throughout the 1960s and 70s, but their relationship to the formal economy was rendered unstable by lack of steady access to waged labor. Unemployment, non-unionized informal and illegal employment, and unwaged work increasingly came to define the experience of being working class in San Francisco. An analysis that centers precarious forms of labor must not expect labor struggles to look like those of the unionized industrial sector. In post-industrial San Francisco, labor struggles often took the form of conflicts not with employers but with state agencies and institutions that regulated the uses of urban space and access to resources such as social services and public housing. I explore these themes in a number of case studies, each of which examines points of contention between precarious working-class groups and state institutions. I discuss the struggle of working-class women to secure access to welfare funds and public housing as compensation for their reproductive labor; the efforts of civil rights groups to win job training and employment for African Americans through city War on Poverty agencies; the organization of gay and transgender sex workers to fight heightened police harassment tied to the growth of the tourism sector; the effects of redevelopment on retired industrial workers; and the escalation of conflict between police officers and unemployed African American youth during the second half of the 1960s. Finally, I locate the increasing precariousness of urban working-class life during this period within the framework of a new post-industrial spatial regime. The uses of urban space that were necessary for working-class survival came into conflict with the needs of government officials and a rising group of business elites, who sought to redevelop the urban environment in ways compatible with new economic growth sectors. Poorer sectors of the working class increasingly came into conflict with a whole web of state institutions and agencies being mobilized to transform urban land use patterns.