Suchergebnisse

Canada has been at the forefront of the recognition of human rights, including economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights) in the international scene. As a party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,1 Canada has, over the years, implemented in legislation and case-law some ESC rights such as the right to health, education and social welfare.While ESC rights were not explicitly identified in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms,2 which forms part of the Canadian Constitution, ESC rights in different forms have received some protection in the Canadian legal order. An analysis of the Canadian record with respect to ESC rights demonstrates the immense gap between a glorified image of Canada as an international human rights proponent (the 'utopia') and the actual implementation of internationally recognized human rights in Canada (the 'reality'). As Canada is bound to face major transformational changes to its economy and social fabric in the years to come, the Courts will have to adapt quickly and efficiently to ensure a smooth transition. This paper overviews the evolution of the case-law on ESC rights in Canada in light of its international obligations, and suggests, the relevant ESC rights jurisprudence signals a disconnect with Canada's international obligation 'requiring progressive implementation to the maximum of available resources by all appropriate means.'

Le risque cyber est une réalité, se déclinant en de multiples manières de déstabiliser des entités diverses. Toutefois, si le pouvoir de nuisance est effectif, le cyber ne peut pas être comparé à la puissance destructrice de l'atome. Il convient donc de ne pas mélanger les concepts et de ne pas faire du cyber une arme de dissuasion.

International audience ; En produisant une analyse des pressions statistiques qui s'exercent sur les décideurs politiques, le sociologue Olivier Martin montre que ce n'est pas tant la quantification en tant que telle qui pose problème que l'usage qu'en font les différents pouvoirs. Les chiffres peuvent être mis au service d'objectifs démocratiques.

International audience ; En produisant une analyse des pressions statistiques qui s'exercent sur les décideurs politiques, le sociologue Olivier Martin montre que ce n'est pas tant la quantification en tant que telle qui pose problème que l'usage qu'en font les différents pouvoirs. Les chiffres peuvent être mis au service d'objectifs démocratiques.

International audience ; En produisant une analyse des pressions statistiques qui s'exercent sur les décideurs politiques, le sociologue Olivier Martin montre que ce n'est pas tant la quantification en tant que telle qui pose problème que l'usage qu'en font les différents pouvoirs. Les chiffres peuvent être mis au service d'objectifs démocratiques.

This essay traces two research programmes in broad strokes. Both programmes start from the same observation — the behaviour of an ant (or termite) colony and the ability of the ant colony to act in a collective manner to achieve goals that the individual ant cannot. For one programme such behaviour is indicative of intelligence; for the other it is indicative of (collective) instinct. The primary intention of the essay is not to assess the claims of intelligence found, but to consider the rationale of the researchers involved in the two programmes for doing such research. It is observed that virtue in one programme is understanding (with the concomitant ability to explain — and, hence, teach), while the primary virtue in the other programme is the utility — and ultimately efficiency — that this may add to human problem solving skills. The two programmes used as illustration are Eugène Marais's study of termites in the first half of the 20th century and the emergence of artificial intelligence projects that are inspired by ant behaviour in the second half of the 20th century. The essay suggests that the current emphasis of inquiry at tertiary education institutions embraces utility to the extent that it displaces pure insight — and hence the ability to explain and, ultimately, the ability to teach.