Suchergebnisse

Some 10 million migrant workers cross national borders each year and, if they pay an average $1,000 to recruiters, moving workers over borders is a $10 billion a year business. Merchants of Labor examines the businesses that move low-skilled workers over national borders, asking how much they collect from migrant workers and what can be done to reduce worker-paid migration costs. Using cost data from over 3,000 workers, Merchants of Labor examines the often murky world of labor brokers, travel agents, and others who move low-skilled workers from one country to another in order to explore lower worker-paid migration costs. It explains the three core functions of labor markets-- recruitment, remuneration, and retention-- and shows how national borders increase recruitment costs. New data on what workers pay to get jobs in other countries are presented, and incentives to complement enforcement are explored as a way to induce recruiters to protect migrant workers.

American agriculture employs some 2.5 million workers during a typical year. Three fourths of these farm workers are immigrants, half are unauthorized, and most will leave seasonal farm work within a decade. This book looks at what these statistics mean for farmers, labourers, and rural America.

Immigrants and 21st century agriculture -- Migrants in U.S. agriculture -- Farm employment, immigration, and poverty -- California : inland agricultural valleys -- California : coastal agricultural valleys -- The changing face outside California -- The quest for AgJOBS -- Importing workers, integrating immigrants

Prologue--what went wrong? -- Farm labor and unions: California farm labor; History of farm labor; Farm worker unions -- Unions and collective bargaining: The ALRA, ALRB, and elections; Employer and union unfair labor practices; Strikes and remedies -- Unions and immigration: Nontraditional farm worker unions; Immigration and agriculture

The US is the country of immigration, with almost 20 per cent of the world's 260 million international migrants. The number two country with international migrants, Germany, has 12 million, a fourth as many as the almost 48 million foreign-born US residents (UN DESA, 2017). The US stands alone among industrial countries in having a quarter of its immigrants, almost 11 million, unauthorised (Passel and Cohn, 2018). President Trump made reducing illegal immigration a priority. Major migration issues today include the fate of programs such as DACA, what to do about Central American families who apply for asylum, and whether to build a wall on the Mexico-US border. In December 2018-January 2019, there was a partial shutdown of the federal government, the third in Trump's first two years as President, because Congress failed to include $5 billion for the border wall in bills that fund DHS and other federal agencies. Meanwhile, Mexico agreed to issue humanitarian visas to Central Americans who enter the US and apply for asylum, so that Central American asylum seekers may wait in Mexico for US decisions on their cases

The 6th Migration Conference (TMC 2018) held in Lisbon in June 2018 featured hundreds of presentations on various aspects of international migration, including why people move, their experiences crossing borders and settling abroad, and the efforts of national governments and international organizations to improve the management of migration (See Tilbe and Topaloglu, 2018). Many young researchers presented case studies of how particular groups were faring in host societies, including Portugal. Keynote speakers included leading academics such as Joaquin Arango from Complutense University Madrid, Pedro Calado, Portugal's High Commissioner for Migration The and Michelle Leighton, Chief of the Labour Migration Branch of the International Labour Organization.

2015 yılında Avrupa Birliği üyesi 28 ülke 1.1 milyonu Almanya'da ve 150 binden fazla İsveç'te olmak üzere 1.2 milyondan fazla mülteci kabul etti. ABD ise yılda yaklaşık olarak 75 bin sığınma başvurusu kabul ediyor. Sığınma başvurularındaki artışın bir nedeni Alman Şansölyesi Angela Merkel'in Ağustos 2015'te Suriyelilerin başka güvenli ülkeler üzerinden gelmiş bile olsalar Almanya'da sığınma başvurusu yapabileceklerini açıklaması oldu. Sığınmacıların entegrasyonunun önemli bir mesele olmaya başladığı net ve bu nedenler gelen göçü azaltma, AB kurumlarının reformu ve göçmenlerin entegrasyonu üzerine konuşmalar yaygınlaşmaya başladı.