Suchergebnisse

"Vivid, lively, and yet theoretically informed, a triumph of patient and sustained fieldwork. . . . Jankowski presents the gang and its members not as pathological departures from social norms, but as shrewd and resourceful operators."-Michael Lipsky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"Islands in the Street fills a wide gap in the literature on gangs. Jankowski's innovative model of gang participation and organization is important and elegant, guaranteeing that this will be the book on gangs for the next ten years, if not longer."-Ruth Horowitz, University of Delaware

De même qu'il convient d'écouter et de recueillir la parole des vieux, il est intéressant de prendre connaissance des textes d'«écrivains» ordinaires écrits autour de la soixantaine ou plus tard, lorsque le sentiment du temps qui passe engendre le désir de transmettre aux générations suivantes. Nous avons interrogé douze auteurs sur leurs pratiques d'écriture: les différentes formes de l'écriture autobiographique prise au sens large, les motivations qui sont à l'origine de la démarche autobiographique, le lien entre l'avance en âge, le besoin de laisser trace et l'écriture de soi. Trois grands types d'«écrivains» ont émergé de la confrontation des discours oraux et de la lecture des textes: la figure du témoin, celui qui cherche à faire revivre le passé disparu dans ses moindres détails; la figure de l'introverti qui est d'abord tourné vers sa propre histoire et la figure du nostalgique qui se ressource dans l'évocation de sa jeunesse.

"Intellectual property rights are a key element in today's knowledge economy. Specifically, the use of patents as transactional elements has become widespread. However, the market for patents possesses specific features that differentiate it from other markets. This book provides evidence for its existence and addresses its particular conditions. It also takes a deep dive into patent intermediaries, discussing how they emerged, their activity and business models, as well as their impact on market structure, firms, and societies. Patent intermediaries participate in market transactions by offering various services and by bridging supply and demand of patents. In the last decades, some of them (so-called pejoratively patent trolls) have become popular for their aggressive litigiousness. However, the activity and presence of patent intermediaries are much more significant. To enhance our understanding of the role of patent intermediaries, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the role of these agents in the economy"--

Woven throughout with rich details of everyday life, this original, on-the-ground study of poor neighborhoods challenges much prevailing wisdom about urban poverty, shedding new light on the people, institutions, and culture in these communities. Over the course of nearly a decade, Martín Sánchez-Jankowski immersed himself in life in neighborhoods in New York and Los Angeles to investigate how social change and social preservation transpire among the urban poor. Looking at five community mainstays—the housing project, the small grocery store, the barbershop and the beauty salon, the gang, and the local high school—he discovered how these institutions provide a sense of order, continuity, and stability in places often thought to be chaotic, disorganized, and disheartened. His provocative and ground-breaking study provides new data on urban poverty and also advances a new theory of how poor neighborhoods function, illuminating the creativity and resilience that characterize the lives of those who experience the hardships associated with economic deprivation

This article aims to show how former Peruvian president Fujimori progressed, from a democratic victory in 1990, amid great publicity, to progressive authoritarian control featured by an increase of secrecy. This "authoritarian transition" is apparent in his annual Independence Day speeches. In those 11 speeches, we can find marks of his policies: consolidation of his image as savior of the nation by popular decree; increase of executive power without political or judicial balance; & polarization of political identities, supposedly creating a direct link between the majorities of Peru & the president. A systematic analysis reveals how Fujimori used political discourse to legitimate his power without political deliberation. 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

Based on an institutional perspective, this study examines the influence of the social desirability of entrepreneurship on early-stage entrepreneurs' internationalization and the moderating role of home country economic freedom. Using data from 45,454 early-stage entrepreneurs in 48 countries for the period 2005–2016, we find that the social desirability of entrepreneurship negatively affects early-stage entrepreneurs' internationalization, and that economic freedom positively moderates this relationship. The study contributes to the literature by showing how the home country institutional context affects the level of early-stage entrepreneurs' internationalization across countries.JEL CLASSIFICATION: F23; L26; O17

Extant research shows that entrepreneurs are typically overly optimistic about their ventures' prospects and that such optimism hampers performance. We analyze how dispositional optimism affects the adjustments to entrepreneurs' expectations after they receive negative feedback on their task performance. We then explore the relationship between optimism and the effectiveness of innovation. Exploiting unique firm-level data and a laboratory experiment involving 205 entrepreneurs, we find that dispositional optimism is negatively associated with both the likelihood and extent of belief updating in response to negative feedback. Furthermore, dispositional optimism triggers a discrepancy—between innovation inputs and outputs—that reduces a firm's innovation effectiveness.