Suchergebnisse

Social dominance orientation (Sidanius et al, 1992) has been proposed as one antecedent of social attitudes. This study examines the relationships of this variable to prejudice, both blatant & subtle (Pettigrew & Meertens, 1995), & also to attitudes toward affirmative action. Two hundred people participated in the study. The data showed that social dominance orientation is a good predictor of blatant prejudice but not of subtle prejudice. These results are explained in relation to a multidimensional conception of the social dominance scale, in opposition to the unidimensionality defended by its author. 4 Tables, 21 References. Adapted from the source document.

Tejido adiposo marrón; Neonatología; Proteina morfogenética ósea ; Teixit adipós marró; Pes neonatal; Proteïna morfogenètica òssia ; Brown adipose tissue; Birth weight; Bone morphogenetic proteins ; The classical dogma states that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a major role in the regulation of temperature in neonates. However, although BAT has been studied in infants for more than a century, the knowledge about its physiological features at this stage of life is rather limited. This has been mainly due to the lack of appropriate investigation methods, ethically suitable for neonates. Here, we have applied non-invasive infrared thermography (IRT) to investigate neonatal BAT activity. Our data show that BAT temperature correlates with body temperature and that mild cold stimulus promotes BAT activation in newborns. Notably, a single short-term cold stimulus during the first day of life improves the body temperature adaption to a subsequent cold event. Finally, we identify that bone morphogenic protein 8B (BMP8B) is associated with the BAT thermogenic response in neonates. Overall, our data uncover key features of the setup of BAT thermogenesis in newborns ; The research leading to these results hasreceived funding from the Xunta de Galicia (R.N.: 2016-PG057; M.L.: 2016-PG068);Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) co-funded by the FEDER Pro-gram of EU (R.N.: RTI2018-099413-B-I00; C.D.: BFU2017-87721-P; F.V.: SAF2017-85722-R; M.L.: RTI2018-101840-B-I00: F.V., J.M.F.-R., and M.L.: BFU2017-90578-REDT/Adipoplast); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (J.M.F.-R.: PI15-01934); AtresmediaCorporación (R.N. and M.L.); Fundación BBVA (R.N.); la Caixa Foundation (ID100010434), under the agreement LCF/PR/HR19/52160022 (M.L.); European Founda-tion for the Study of Diabetes (R.N.) and ERC Synergy Grant-2019-WATCH- 810331(R.N.) and Research Grant SOPEGA 2016 (A.U. and M.L.C.). F.V. is an ICREA Aca-demia researcher (Generalitat de Catalunya). I.G.-G. is the recipient of a fellowship fromthe European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the MarieSklodowska-Curie actions. The CiMUS is supported by the Xunta de Galicia (2016-2019,ED431G/05). CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición is an initiative ofISCIII. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision topublish, or preparation of the paper.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by an autoimmune response in the joints and an exacerbation of cytokine responses. A minority of patients with RA experience spontaneous remission, but most will show moderate/high disease activity, with aggressive joint damage and multiple systemic manifestations. There is thus is a great need to identify prognostic biomarkers for disease risk to improve diagnosis and prognosis, and to inform on the most appropriate therapy. Here we focused on suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a physiological negative regulator of cytokines that modulates cell activation. Using four independent cohorts of patients with arthritis, we characterized the correlation between SOCS1 mRNA levels and clinical outcome. We found a significant inverse correlation between SOCS1 mRNA expression and disease activity throughout the follow-up of patients with RA. Lower baseline SOCS1 levels were associated with poorer disease control in response to methotrexate and other conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in early arthritis, and to rituximab in established (active) RA. Moreover, we identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SOCS1 gene that correlated with SOCS1 mRNA expression, and that might identify those patients with early arthritis that fulfill RA classification criteria. One of them, rs4780355, is in linkage disequilibrium with a microsatellite (TTTTC), mapped 0.9 kb downstream of the SNP, and correlated with reduced SOCS1 expression in vitro. Overall, our data support the association between SOCS1 expression and disease progression, disease severity and response to treatment in RA. These observations underlie the relevance of SOCS1 mRNA levels for stratifying patients prognostically and guiding therapeutic decisions. ; This work was supported in part by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness/FEDER (SAF 2017-82940-R; PI14/00442, PI17/00027, PI18/00371), the RETICS Program of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RIER: RD16/0012/0006; RD16/0012/0008; RD16/0012/0011; RD16/0012/0013) and the European Union (Masterswitch FP7-Health-2007-B-223404). We also obtained funds from the Spanish Natonal Research Council for open access publication fees

Background: Several countries are discussing new legislation on the ban of smoking in public places, and on the acceptable levels of traffic-related air pollutants. It is therefore useful to estimate the burden of disease associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution. Methods: We have estimated exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and to air pollution in never smokers and ex-smokers in a large prospective study in 10 European countries (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)(N = 520,000). We report estimates of the proportion of lung cancers attributable to ETS and air pollution in this population. Results: The proportion of lung cancers in never- and ex-smokers attributable to ETS was estimated as between 16 and 24%, mainly due to the contribution of work-related exposure. We have also estimated that 5–7% of lung cancers in European never smokers and ex-smokers are attributable to high levels of air pollution, as expressed by NO2 or proximity to heavy traffic roads. NO2 is the expression of a mixture of combustion (traffic-related) particles and gases, and is also related to power plants and waste incinerator emissions. Discussion: We have estimated risks of lung cancer attributable to ETS and traffic-related air pollution in a large prospective study in Europe. Information bias can be ruled out due to the prospective design, and we have thoroughly controlled for potential confounders, including restriction to never smokers and long-term ex-smokers. Concerning traffic-related air pollution, the thresholds for indicators of exposure we have used are rather strict, i.e. they correspond to the high levels of exposure that characterize mainly Southern European countries (levels of NO2 in Denmark and Sweden are closer to 10–20 ug/m3, whereas levels in Italy are around 30 or 40, or higher). Therefore, further reduction in exposure levels below 30 ug/m3 would correspond to additional lung cancer cases prevented, and our estimate of 5–7% is likely to be an underestimate. Overall, our prospective study draws attention to the need for strict legislation concerning the quality of air in Europe.