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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- Demographics and Policy -- 1: The Importance of Postsecondary Participation -- The Benefits of Higher Education: Past and Present -- The Growing Case for Postsecondary Participation -- 2: The Current State of Postsecondary Participation -- The Current Picture of Postsecondary Participation -- Population by Age -- Applying Financial Ratio Analysis to Postsecondary Participation -- 18- to 24-Year-Olds -- 25 and Older -- Conclusion -- 3: The Future State of Postsecondary Participation -- 2015 Age Group Populations -- Comparison Ratio Changes -- Conclusion -- 4: Leave No Student Behind: Exceeding the Status Quo -- Benchmark Achievement -- Moving Toward Improvement -- Baseline Plus -- Conclusion -- 5: Funding Higher Education in the Future -- Enrollment Growth -- The Inflation Factor -- Future Funding Scenarios -- Conclusion -- 6: State Poucy and Higher Education Supply -- Successful State Policy in the Future -- Conclusion -- 7: Augning Poucymaker Expectations With Future Demand -- Outcomes -- Means and Ends -- Changing Demographics and Higher Education Policy -- Achieving Outcomes -- Conclusion -- Appendixes -- A: 2000 Participation Statistics, with Participation Rates -- B: 2000 Participation Statistics, with Comparison Ratios -- C: 2015 Population Statistics -- D: 2015 Participation Statistics -- E: Enrollment Changes: 2000 to 2015 -- F: 2015 Comparison Ratios -- G: 2015 Projected Enrollments: 18-24 -- H: 2015 Projected Enrollments: 25+ -- I: 2015 Projected Enrollments: 18+ -- J: Enrollment Growth Factors -- K: Funding Scenarios -- L: Appropriation Increases -- M: 2000 Appropriations -- References -- Notes -- Index.

The purpose of this article is to develop a research-based conceptualization of a state's higher education market in the United States. The aim is to synthesize existing notions of the higher education market into a coherent starting point and to organize discussion of the market around subjects related to supply, consumption, and management. The conceptualization provides a state-level view of the higher education market appealing to state policy makers. The article draws on another study linking state policy to postsecondary performance. Results incorporate existing literature germane to the higher education market, within and outside of the higher education discipline.

Intro -- THE SCIENCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION: State Higher Education Policy and the Laws of Scale -- COPYRIGHT © 2021 BY STYLUS PUBLISHING, LLC -- Table of Contents -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS FOR A SCIENCE OF HIGHER EDUCATION -- CHAPTER 1: COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND STATE HIGHER EDUCATION -- CHAPTER 2: A NEW PARADIGM -- CHAPTER 3: ACTOR INTERACTIONS: Nature and Context -- PART TWO: SCALE PATTERNS -- CHAPTER 4: LESSONS FROM LIFE SCIENCES AND CITIES -- CHAPTER 5: SCALE AND STATE HIGHER EDUCATION FUNDING -- CHAPTER 6: SCALE AND STATE POLICY -- CHAPTER 7: HIGHER EDUCATION SUPPLY -- PART THREE: OUTCOMES AND RETURN ON INVESTMENT -- CHAPTER 8: HIGHER EDUCATION OUTCOMES -- CHAPTER 9: RETURN ON INVESTMENT: Funding and Outcomes -- CHAPTER 10: POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- APPENDIX A: Glossary of Terms -- APPENDIX B: 2015 All State Data (Original Units) -- APPENDIX C: Logarithmic Regression Results (Predictions) -- APPENDIX D: Population:Funding Scale Results -- APPENDIX E: Population:Enrollment Scale Results -- APPENDIX F: Population:Completion Scale Results -- APPENDIX G: Population:Institutions (Supply) Scale Results -- APPENDIX H: Funding:Enrollment Scale Results -- APPENDIX I: Funding:Completion Scale Results -- APPENDIX J: Statistical Results: All Scale Analysis -- APPENDIX K: Linear and Scale Ranking Comparisons -- APPENDIX L: Exponents, Logarithms, and Scale Review -- REFERENCES -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- INDEX.

First published in 1988, this book focuses on diversity and discourse, and collects contemporaneous research across a wide range of topics including: description, polemic, narrative analysis, DJ talk, philosophical history, conversation, children's books and nuclear deterrence. The essays demonstrate analyses of discourse in the service of stylistic inquiry, exploring relationships of text and context. This reflects the overall argument that discourse analyses aiming to represent diversity of social context will necessarily approach the task selectively, since all dimensions are of potential relevance to any and every communicative manifestation. Some of contextual dimensions that are addressed include: interpersonal, socio-structural, modal, ideological, and pragmatic.

En el presente artículo se hace una reflexión de la política turística sobre las bases teóricas que han permitido su entendimiento desde diferentes posturas y que es justamente esta forma de comprenderla que ha impedido distinguir su estructura operativa formal. Por ello se presenta su análisis desde la Teoría de los Sistemas Funcionales del teórico Niklas Luhmann en base a su distinción de otros sectores sociales y el acoplamiento estructural que se genera entre ellos. Finalmente se manifiesta la idea de ver a la política turística como una forma de operación turística, esto es, como un Turismo Politizado

Urban flooding is a challenge for many parts of the world, and Caddo Parish, Louisiana, is no exception. Caddo Parish, located in Northwestern Louisiana on the banks of the Red River, has been the subject of intense flooding for decades, issuing widespread devastation to many areas of the parish. As waters from rain events and upstream reservoirs deluged the Red River, countless individuals and communities were affected. In addition to damage and destruction of homes and personal belongings, sectors of the economy were also impacted, notably agriculture and industry. Rising waters jeopardized public infrastructure, affecting commerce throughout the parish, particularly waterway systems. This report, prepared by graduate students of the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University, per request of the Caddo Parish Sheriff's Office, outlines policy solutions to protect the individuals and communities of Caddo Parish from future flooding.

Background: Preclinical research suggests that the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer can be enhanced by combining them with antiangiogenics, particularly in a sequential fashion. We sought to explore the efficacy and biomarkers of combining the anti-PD-L1 durvalumab plus the antiangiogenic bevacizumab after bevacizumab monotherapy for advanced HER2-negative breast cancer. Methods: Patients had advanced HER2-negative disease that progressed while receiving single-agent bevacizumab maintenance as a part of a previous chemotherapy plus bevacizumab regimen. Treatment consisted of bi-weekly durvalumab plus bevacizumab (10 mg/kg each i.v.). Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained before the first durvalumab dose and every 4 weeks and immunophenotyped by flow-cytometry. A fresh pre-durvalumab tumor biopsy was obtained; gene-expression studies and immunohistochemical staining to assess vascular normalization and characterize the immune infiltrate were conducted. Patients were classified as "non-progressors" if they had clinical benefit (SD/PR/CR) at 4 months. The co-primary endpoints were the changes in the percentage T cell subpopulations in PBMCs in progressors versus non-progressors, and PFS/OS time. Results: Twenty-six patients were accrued. Median PFS and OS were 3.5 and 11 months; a trend for a longer OS was detected for the hormone-positive subset (19.8 versus 7.4 months in triple-negatives; P = 0.11). Clinical benefit rate at 2 and 4 months was 60% and 44%, respectively, without significant differences between hormone-positive and triple-negative (P = 0.73). Non-progressors' tumors displayed vascular normalization features as a result of previous bevacizumab, compared with generally abnormal patterns observed in progressors. Non-progressors also showed increased T-effector and T-memory signatures and decreased TREG signatures in gene expression studies in baseline—post-bevacizumab—tumors compared with progressors. Notably, analysis of PBMC populations before durvalumab treatment was concordant with the findings in tumor samples and showed a decreased percentage of circulating TREGs in non-progressors. Conclusions: This study reporting on sequential bevacizumab+durvalumab in breast cancer showed encouraging activity in a heavily pre-treated cohort. The correlative studies agree with the preclinical rationale supporting an immunopriming effect exerted by antiangiogenic treatment, probably by reducing TREGs cells both systemically and in tumor tissue. The magnitude of this benefit should be addressed in a randomized setting. Trial registration: (www.clinicaltrials.gov): NCT02802098. Registered on June 16, 2020. ; MQF is a recipient of the following grants: AES - PI16/00354 funded by the ISCIII and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and B2017/BMD3733 (Immunothercan-CM) - Call for Coordinated Research Groups from Madrid Region - Madrid Regional Government - ERDF funds. SM is a recipient of the following grants: Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (SAF2017-83732-R; AEI/FEDER, EU) and co-funded by Comunidad de Madrid (B2017/BMD3733; Immunothercan-CM). RC is a recipient RC is a recipient of the ISCIII grants PIE15/00068 and PI17/01865. The study was also funded by CRIS Contra el Cancer Foundation and Astra Zeneca Spain. Astra Zeneca Spain provided durvalumab

Preclinical research suggests that the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer can be enhanced by combining them with antiangiogenics, particularly in a sequential fashion. We sought to explore the efficacy and biomarkers of combining the anti-PD-L1 durvalumab plus the antiangiogenic bevacizumab after bevacizumab monotherapy for advanced HER2-negative breast cancer. Patients had advanced HER2-negative disease that progressed while receiving single-agent bevacizumab maintenance as a part of a previous chemotherapy plus bevacizumab regimen. Treatment consisted of bi-weekly durvalumab plus bevacizumab (10 mg/kg each i.v.). Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained before the first durvalumab dose and every 4 weeks and immunophenotyped by flow-cytometry. A fresh pre-durvalumab tumor biopsy was obtained; gene-expression studies and immunohistochemical staining to assess vascular normalization and characterize the immune infiltrate were conducted. Patients were classified as "non-progressors" if they had clinical benefit (SD/PR/CR) at 4 months. The co-primary endpoints were the changes in the percentage T cell subpopulations in PBMCs in progressors versus non-progressors, and PFS/OS time. Twenty-six patients were accrued. Median PFS and OS were 3.5 and 11 months; a trend for a longer OS was detected for the hormone-positive subset (19.8 versus 7.4 months in triple-negatives; P = 0.11). Clinical benefit rate at 2 and 4 months was 60% and 44%, respectively, without significant differences between hormone-positive and triple-negative (P = 0.73). Non-progressors' tumors displayed vascular normalization features as a result of previous bevacizumab, compared with generally abnormal patterns observed in progressors. Non-progressors also showed increased T-effector and T-memory signatures and decreased TREG signatures in gene expression studies in baseline-post-bevacizumab-tumors compared with progressors. Notably, analysis of PBMC populations before durvalumab treatment was concordant with the findings in tumor samples and showed a decreased percentage of circulating TREGs in non-progressors. This study reporting on sequential bevacizumab+durvalumab in breast cancer showed encouraging activity in a heavily pre-treated cohort. The correlative studies agree with the preclinical rationale supporting an immunopriming effect exerted by antiangiogenic treatment, probably by reducing TREGs cells both systemically and in tumor tissue. The magnitude of this benefit should be addressed in a randomized setting. (www.clinicaltrials.gov): NCT02802098 . Registered on June 16, 2020. ; MQF is a recipient of the following grants: AES - PI16/00354 funded by the ISCIII and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and B2017/BMD3733 (Immunothercan-CM) -Call for Coordinated Research Groups from Madrid Region -Madrid Regional Government -ERDF funds. SM is a recipient of the following grants: Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (SAF2017-83732-R; AEI/FEDER, EU) and co-funded by Comunidad de Madrid (B2017/BMD3733; Immunothercan-CM). RC is a recipient RC is a recipient of the ISCIII grants PIE15/00068 and PI17/01865. The study was also funded by CRIS Contra el Cancer Foundation and Astra Zeneca Spain. Astra Zeneca Spain provided durvalumab. ; Sí