Suchergebnisse

La ville de Marseille mène une politique de prévention contre les incendies, notamment en formant des titulaires de C.E.S. aux travaux forestiers, en éduquant les enfants et en encourageant (ou en obligeant) le débroussaillement des zones à risque.

International audience ; La ville de Marseille mène une politique de prévention contre les incendies, notamment en formant des titulaires de C.E.S. aux travaux forestiers, en éduquant les enfants et en encourageant (ou en obligeant) le débroussaillement des zones à risque.

Examines how various school choice policies make tradeoffs among three liberal goals: equality of educational opportunity, social diversity, & parental rights. Research concerning school choice & student outcomes is reviewed to identify those factors that influence academic outcomes for different sets of students. Competing concepts of liberalism, comprehensive, & political are analyzed in terms of their implications for the state role, type of diversity that society will seek, & level of control parents will have over their children's curriculum. A voucher program to improve the likelihood that education will advance important liberal values is proposed. 61 References. Adapted from the source document.

A reply to Janet A. Weiss's, John Coons's, & Jeffrey R. Henig's comments on Godwin et al's "Liberal Equity in Education: A Comparison of Choice Options" (all, 1998) maintains that a program using a graduated voucher system with low-income quotas for choice schools will help to alleviate inequalities of opportunity, diversity, & rights of lower-income families. It is agreed that more research is needed, but contended that the necessary data will only be obtained by instituting a pilot program that includes sectarian schools & does not restrict vouchers. Further, suggested integration requirements for schools accepting vouchers would prevent the greater class & ethnic segregation predicted by school choice opponents & would enhance diversity, which includes an expansion of the range of groups that support differing worldviews. It is not suggested that the state's role would increase governmental power, but simply that the national government should protect minority viewpoints often denied at the local level. The importance of moral self-perfection in promoting tolerance is discussed. 6 References. J. Lindroth

Draws on mail questionnaire data (N = approximately 3,000 responses from households in San Antonio, TX) to explore factors that distinguish families who choose a private or out-of-area school vs enrolling their children in the school in their area of residence. Multivariate techniques are employed to model the characteristics of the choosing families, revealing a high degree of parental involvement & a higher level of maternal education. Choosing parents have significantly higher educational expectations for their children than nonchoosing parents. It is recommended that, before a child reaches school age, parents should receive information about the benefits of education & choice options. Choice programs will increase or decrease equality of opportunity depending on program design. 3 Tables, 33 References. Adapted from the source document.

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this record ; This work evaluates the sensitivity of CO2 air–sea gas exchange in a coastal site to four different model system configurations of the 1D coupled hydrodynamic–ecosystem model GOTM–ERSEM, towards identifying critical dynamics of relevance when specifically addressing quantification of air–sea CO2 exchange. The European Sea Regional Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) is a biomass and functional group-based biogeochemical model that includes a comprehensive carbonate system and explicitly simulates the production of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon and organic matter. The model was implemented at the coastal station L4 (4 nm south of Plymouth, 50°15.00'N, 4°13.02'W, depth of 51 m). The model performance was evaluated using more than 1500 hydrological and biochemical observations routinely collected at L4 through the Western Coastal Observatory activities of 2008–2009. In addition to a reference simulation (A), we ran three distinct experiments to investigate the sensitivity of the carbonate system and modeled air–sea fluxes to (B) the sea-surface temperature (SST) diurnal cycle and thus also the near-surface vertical gradients, (C) biological suppression of gas exchange and (D) data assimilation using satellite Earth observation data. The reference simulation captures well the physical environment (simulated SST has a correlation with observations equal to 0.94 with a p > 0.95). Overall, the model captures the seasonal signal in most biogeochemical variables including the air–sea flux of CO2 and primary production and can capture some of the intra-seasonal variability and short-lived blooms. The model correctly reproduces the seasonality of nutrients (correlation > 0.80 for silicate, nitrate and phosphate), surface chlorophyll-a (correlation > 0.43) and total biomass (correlation > 0.7) in a two year run for 2008–2009. The model simulates well the concentration of DIC, pH and in-water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) with correlations between 0.4–0.5. The model result suggest that L4 is a weak net source of CO2 (0.3–1.8 molCm−2 year−1). The results of the three sensitivity experiments indicate that both resolving the temperature profile near the surface and assimilation of surface chlorophyll-a significantly impact the skill of simulating the biogeochemistry at L4 and all of the carbonate chemistry related variables. These results indicate that our forecasting ability of CO2 air–sea flux in shelf seas environments and their impact in climate modeling should consider both model refinements as means of reducing uncertainties and errors in any future climate projections. ; European Space Agency ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) ; UK National Centre for Earth Observation ; European Union

Purpose of the studyTo describe long‐term incidence trends and median age at diagnosis for the three AIDS‐defining cancers (ADC) in HIV‐1‐ infected (HIV1+) patients compared to general population. To study the risk of ADC in HIV1+patients with good immune status (CD4≥500/mm3 for at least 2 years).MethodsIncident ADC (Kaposi's sarcoma [KS], non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas [NHL] and cervix uteri cancer [CUC]) were retrieved in HIV1+adults followed in the French hospital database on HIV (FHDH) cohort between 1992 and 2009. Cancer incidence rates (IR) in general population were calculated using data from the French cancer registries (Francim network). IR among the HIV1+and the general population were standardized using the 5 years age and sex groups structure of the HIV1+population (1997–2009) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated in HIV1+ patients vs. general population in 4 calendar periods (1992–1996, 1997–2000, 2001–2004, and 2005–2009). Median age at diagnosis was estimated after adjusting for the difference in age structure between HIV1+and general population.Summary of results5,935 incident ADC were diagnosed among 100,536 HIV1+ patients followed between 1992 and 2009. All ADC IRs were significantly reduced between pre‐ and post‐cART eras and continue to decline in the cART period (p<10−4). SIR are presented in the table.Median age at diagnosis was significantly younger among HIV1+ patients than the general population for KS (40.4 vs. 42.5; p<10−4), NHL (41.4 vs. 52.5; p<10−4) and CUC (39.3 vs. 42.5; p<10−4). For HIV1+ patients under treatment who maintained controlled viral load (<500 copies/µL) and CD4 ≥500/mm3 for at least 2 years, the risk for KS, NHL and CUC were respectively SIR=71.6 (28.7–147.5), 2.4 (0.9–4.8) and 1.6 (0.3–4.7) vs. general population.ConclusionsThe incidence rates of KS, NHL and CUC continued to decline through 2009 but the risk remained elevated as compared to general population in the most recent cART period. Despite the great reduction when compared to general population, the risk is still very high for KS in HIV1+patients who maintained CD4 ≥500/mm3 for at least 2 years. The risk was not significant for CUC and NHL.















Pre‐cART (1992–1996)
Early‐cART (1997–2000)
Intermediate‐cART (2001–2004)
Lte‐cART (2005–2009)



O/E
SIR (95% CI)
O/E
SIR (95% CI)
O/E
SIR (95% CI)
O/E
SIR (95% CI)




Kaposi's sarcoma
2177/0.9
2299.7 (2204.1–2398.4)
462/0.4
1080.1 (983.87–1183.3)
403/0.4
1130.1 (1022.5–1246.1)
354/0.4
817.7 (734.8–907.52)


Non– Hodgkins's lymphoma
1111/4.0
278.7 (262.5–295.6)
515/6.2
83.8 (76.7–91.4)
370/8.8
42.1 (37.9–46.6)
372/14.8
25.1 (22.6–27.8)


Cervix uteri
38/3.2
12.0 (8.5–16.5)
48/5.3
9.1 (6.7–12.1)
37/7.0
5.3 (3.7–7.3)
48/10.4
4.6 (3.4–6.1)





O/E: Observed cases / Expected cases.

National audience ; Les sociétés mayas des hautes terres ont connu un déclin culturel marqué à la fin du Préclassique (vers 100-250 apr. JC) au moment où, pour la plupart, les cités mayas des basses terres prenaient leur essor au début du Classique (250-300 apr. J.C.). Environ 600 ans plus tard, celles du Petén (Guatemala) étaient presque toutes abandonnées alors que celles des basses terres du nord connaissaient leur apogée jusqu'au début du Postclassique. En termes géographiques, il s'agit d'analyser l'évolution d'anthropo-systèmes formés en forêt tropicale humide de mousson, soit une des rares zones où s'est développée dans le passé une civilisation puissante, agricole et urbaine sur une longue durée. Le projet Petén nord-ouest La Joyanca a pour objet l'étude d'une communauté socio-politique de rang moyen, d'époque classique, située dans une région des basses terres jusqu'à présent quasiment inconnue du point de vue archéologique. Ce projet est particulier, d'une part car il associe une approche archéologique et géographique, cherchant à restituer l'histoire des hommes en même temps que l'histoire du milieu, d'autre part parce que l'initiative de cette recherche et son financement proviennent d'une compagnie pétrolière. Ce site de la Joyanca apporte des éléments nouveaux dans le corpus des "cités" mayas classiques des basses terres du Petén : désintégration du centre politico-religieux et des ensembles de palais, association étroite au centre, dans le temps et dans l'espace, des lieux de culte et d'un grand édifice politique complexe, faible densité de l'habitat.

Spanish Center for Particle Physics, Astroparticle and Nuclear Physics (CPAN) ; regional government (Generalitat Valenciana) ; Heidelberg University ; IFIC (U. Valencia/CSIC) ; This report of the BOOST2012 workshop presents the results of four working groups that studied key aspects of jet substructure. We discuss the potential of first-principle QCD calculations to yield a precise description of the substructure of jets and study the accuracy of state-of-the-art Monte Carlo tools. Limitations of the experiments' ability to resolve substructure are evaluated, with a focus on the impact of additional (pile-up) proton proton collisions on jet substructure performance in future LHC operating scenarios. A final section summarizes the lessons learnt from jet substructure analyses in searches for new physics in the production of boosted top quarks.