Suchergebnisse

[ES] En este trabajo analizamos el efecto que ejercen las preferencias comerciales garantizadas a marruecos para cuatro frutas y hortalizas (tomate, pepino, naranja y mandarina) en las exportaciones mensuales a distintos países de la unión Europea. Aplicamos una ecuación de gravedad que controla la endogeneidad potencial de las preferencias. Se introducen asimismo variables detalladas para representar los distintos tipos de preferencia con variabilidad sectorial y mensual, tanto en precio de entrada como en aranceles, considerando también las limitaciones cuantitativas. Los resultados de nuestras estimaciones indican que las preferencias comerciales incrementan las exportaciones desde marruecos (evidencia a favor de creación de comercio), y que la reducción en el arancel ad valorem conduce a menores exportaciones del resto del mundo a la unión Europea (evidencia a favor de desviación de comercio). Estos resultados podrían tener implicaciones políticas, con vistas a eventuales revisiones del Acuerdo de Asociación. También se hace una contribución metodológica al estudiar si las preferencias comerciales otorgadas a Marruecos desvían comercio. En concreto, la variable dependiente de la ecuación de gravedad son las exportaciones del resto del mundo a la uE para cada uno de los productos específicos, mientras que las variables explicativas consideran las preferencias otorgadas a marruecos en estos productos. ; [EN] This paper analyzes the effect of trade preferences granted to morocco by the European union on monthly exports of four fruits and vegetables: tomatoes, cucumbers, oranges and mandarines. We rely on a gravity framework and we take into account the potential endogeneity of trade preferences. We consider sectoral and monthly variability of the reduced entry price and the preferential tariffs. Quantitative limits for these preferences are also accounted for. our results show that trade preferences are significant in determining positively the trade flows from morocco to the Eu (empirical evidence in line of ...

AbstractFood safety concerns about the risk of aflatoxin (AF) contamination have been growing in many regions, particularly in the European Union (EU). To protect consumers from health risks, the EU has established strict standards for maximum acceptable AF levels in food products; these standards have changed several times. This article examines the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database, which contains notifications on border controls on AF levels in tree nuts and peanuts. A count data model was used to analyze the impact of political economy considerations, past alerts, and path‐dependence effects on RASFF border controls. Policy changes, including the harmonization and relaxing of the EU's AF standards, significantly affected the frequency of border controls, with diverse effects among exporting countries. It is believed that the present study provides some insights to the modeling of food standards for explanation or forecasting purposes.

[EN] In last years, microfinance has been seen as an effective measure for empowering whole nations or marginalized groups. However, some negative issues especially with respect to over-indebtedness and high interest rates have been discussed as well. In fact, the performance of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) has traditionally been measured by ratios. Thus, it should be remembered that MFIs are special socially-oriented financial organizations, mainly interested in the economic development of both rural and urban areas, in creating jobs, incorporating women into the labour market and addressing environmental concerns. The activity and performance ratios of these organizations are usually based on a single criterion, generally related to financial aspects or the extent of their outreach, in such a way that the performance measurement can vary according to the criterion selected. This paper proposes a new approach, a multicriteria method based on goal programming that considers not only financial aspects and outreach, but also the social Performance related to the activities of a group of MFIs in Ecuador. Our study shows the weight of the Social Performance dimension on the rankings compared with other dimensions. The practical significance of these results lies in that now it is possible to present a more comprehensive picture of the performance of MFIs. Besides, the methodology chosen can shed some light on the mission drift debate. ; Cervelló Royo, RE.; Guijarro, F.; Martinez Gomez, VD. (2019). Social Performance considered within the global performance of Microfinance Institutions: a new approach. Operational Research (Online). 19(3):737-755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12351-017-0360-3 ; S ; 737 ; 755 ; 19 ; 3 ; Ahlin C, Lin J, Maio M (2011) Where does Microfinance flourish? Microfinance institution performance in Macroeconomic context. J Dev Econ 95(2):105–120 ; Akpalu W, Alnaa SE, Aglobitse PB (2012) Access to microfinance and intra household business decision making: implication for efficiency of female ...

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy following peer review. The version of record Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, J.-M., Taghouti, I. and Martinez-Gomez, V. (2020), Changes in Aflatoxin Standards: Implications for EU Border Controls of Nut Imports. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 42: 524-541. doi:10.1093/aepp/ppy036 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppy036. ; [EN] Food safety concerns about the risk of aflatoxin (AF) contamination have been growing in many regions, particularly in the European Union (EU). To protect consumers from health risks, the EU has established strict standards for maximum acceptable AF levels in food products; these standards have changed several times. This article examines the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database, which contains notifications on border controls on AF levels in tree nuts and peanuts. A count data model was used to analyze the impact of political economy considerations, past alerts, and path-dependence effects on RASFF border controls. Policy changes, including the harmonization and relaxing of the EU¿s AF standards, significantly affected the frequency of border controls, with diverse effects among exporting countries. It is believed that the present study provides some insights to the modeling of food standards for explanation or forecasting purposes. ; García Alvarez-Coque, JM.; Taghouti, I.; Martinez Gomez, VD. (2020). Changes in aflatoxin standards: Implications for EU border controls of nut imports. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 42(3):524-541. https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppy036 ; S ; 524 ; 541 ; 42 ; 3 ; Bagwell, K., & Staiger, R. W. (2001). Domestic Policies, National Sovereignty, and International Economic Institutions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(2), 519-562. doi:10.1162/00335530151144096 ; Baylis, K., Martens, A., & Nogueira, L. (2009). What Drives Import Refusals? American Journal of Agricultural ...

[ES] La campaña 2018-2019 se ha convertido para el sector citrícola valencia-no en una de las peores de su historia reciente. El malestar acumulado en algunos de los grupos de productores más afectados ha provocado incluso una inédita movilización ciudadana de protesta. El elemento detonante ha sido el nuevo acuerdo comercial entre la UE y los países sudafricanos. Este acuerdo se inscribe en la progresiva liberalización de las importaciones citrícolas por parte de la UE. En este nuevo escenario, las debilidades en materia de estructura, organización y calidad comercial del sector lo hacen especialmente vulnerable en campañas abundantes y accidentadas como ésta. Las consecuencias pueden ser dramáticas para muchos operadores si no se producen cambios profundos en las estrategias competitivas del sector, que hasta la fecha carecen de un enfoque integrador y ambicioso. ; Compes López, R.; García Alvarez-Coque, JM.; Martinez Gomez, VD. (2019). Acuerdos comerciales, competitividad y crisis en la citricultura valenciana. Distribución y consumo. 158(3):38-46. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165520 ; S ; 38 ; 46 ; 158 ; 3

[ES] The 2018-2019 campaign has become one of the worst in recent history for the Valencian citrus sector. The accumulated unrest of some of the most affected groups of producers has even led to unprecedented public protest mobilisation. The trigger has been the new trade agreement between the EU and South African countries. This agreement is part of the progressive liberalisation of citrus fruit imports by the EU. In this new scenario, weaknesses in the structure, organisation and commercial quality of the sector make it particularly vulnerable in abundant and accidental campaigns such as this. The consequences can be dramatic for many operators without profound changes in the sector's competitive strategies, which so far lack an inclusive and ambitious approach. Compes López, R.; García Alvarez-Coque, JM.; Martinez Gomez, VD. (2019). Trade agreements, competitiveness and crisis in Valencian citriculture. Distribution and consumption. 158 (3): 38-46. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165520 ; 38 46 158 3 ; [ES] The 2018-2019 campaign has become one of the worst in recent history for the Valencian citrus sector. The accumulated unrest of some of the most affected groups of producers has even led to unprecedented public protest mobilisation. The trigger has been the new trade agreement between the EU and South African countries. This agreement is part of the progressive liberalisation of citrus fruit imports by the EU. In this new scenario, weaknesses in the structure, organisation and commercial quality of the sector make it particularly vulnerable in abundant and accidental campaigns such as this. The consequences can be dramatic for many operators without profound changes in the sector's competitive strategies, which so far lack an inclusive and ambitious approach. Compes López, R.; García Alvarez-Coque, JM.; Martinez Gomez, VD. (2019). Trade agreements, competitiveness and crisis in Valencian citriculture. Distribution and consumption. 158 (3): 38-46. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165520 ; S ; [ES] The 2018-2019 ...

[Otros] Depuis les dernières décennies, les pays du Sud et de l'Est de la Méditerranée suivent un processus de libéralisation progressive des échanges. Comme conséquence de ce processus, l'importance et l'intérêt des mesures non tarifaires a augmenté. Le but de cet article est de considérer les facteurs sous-jacents pour l'application des mesures non tarifaires au-delà des préoccupations spécifiques en matière de sécurité alimentaire. Pour ce faire, nous examinons l'importance de deux hypothèses qui fournissent une explication aux MNT dans les pays méditerranéens. La première est l'«effet de réputation» ou l'influence du passé historique des notifications sur les refus à la frontière. La deuxième fait référence à l'hypothèse de la politique de substitution ou compromis entre les mesures non tarifaires et les tarifs douaniers. Ces deux points de vue visent à donner une image de la mise en oeuvre et la situation des MNT dans le commerce alimentaire méditerrannéen. Les deux hypothèses suggèrent qu'il existe des facteurs économiques et politiques qui affectent la mise en oeuvre des MNT. ; [EN] Since the last decades, Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries (SEMCs) are following a process of progressive trade liberalization. As a consequence of such process, the significance and interest on Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) has increased. The aim of this paper is to discuss the underlying factors affecting the implementation of NTMs. NTMs include specific food safety concerns. However, there could also be economic and political reasons affecting the frequency of implementation of food safety measures (border alerts). We thus explore the significance of two hypotheses that provide an explanation of NTMs in Mediterranean countries. The first one is the ¿reputation effect¿ or the influence of past history of notifications on border rejections. The second one refers to the policy substitution hypothesis or the trade-off between NTMs and tariffs. These two approaches intend to give an overview of the implementation of NTMs ...

[EN] In several Spanish regions, collective action through production and marketing cooperatives has traditionally concentrated the food supply of small and medium-sized farms. However, many cooperatives are threatened by the risk of abandonment of members' cropland, which reduces their sourcing capacity. In this context, joint cropland management initiatives have become a useful form of social and organizational innovation. This research's contribution is twofold: it examines the relevance of some drivers of this organizational innovation, and it determines the cooperative characteristics or combinations of characteristics that can sufficiently explain the adoption of a joint cropland management strategy. Some cooperatives' features have been a priori identified as related to the achievement of joint cropland initiatives: economic size, social innovation, innovative behavior, and collaborative orientation. The study is mainly based on data from a cooperatives survey, and fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) methodology has been used. The analysis has been completed by surveying cooperatives' managers about their opinions on a joint cropland management strategy's main advantages and drivers. Results indicate that social and economic innovation, size, and propensity to cooperate with other cooperatives are key factors that help create a cooperative profile capable of tackling the challenge of land abandonment and the consequent loss of production. ; Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain, European Regional Development Fund, European Commission. Project "Strengthening innovation policy in the agri-food sector" (RTI2018-093791-B-C22). ; Piñeiro, V.; Martinez Gomez, VD.; Melia-Marti, E.; García Alvarez-Coque, JM. (2021). Drivers of joint cropland management strategies in agri-food cooperatives. Journal of Rural Studies. 84:162-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.04.003 ; S ; 162 ; 173 ; 84

[ES] El principal objetivo de esta contribución es compartir una experiencia de aprendizaje colaborativo basada en el curso online masivo y abierto (MOOC) Retos de la agricultura y la alimentación en el siglo XXI . El curso genera un espacio de debate y reflexión en torno a la agricultura y la alimentación a partir de una cuestión de gran alcance ¿Cómo asumir el reto de alimentar una población creciente en un planeta donde los recursos son limitados? . Entendemos el MOOC como una oportunidad para fomentar el autoaprendizaje, y expresar diferentes visiones y realidades de la agricultura. Las estadísticas de participación y seguimiento del curso fueron exitosas, con 1.160 participantes que finalizaron las actividades en la primera edicion, lo que supuso aproximadamente un tercio de los inscritos. Ello nos animó a lanzar la segunda edición del curso en la plataforma UPVx, con tasas de finalización igualmente satisfactorias. Esta emergente modalidad de aprendizaje está siendo bien recibida y se va consolidando como una herramienta útil, capaz de dar respuesta a una demanda creciente de conocimiento plural. Sin duda, también plantean retos y dudas a resolver. Nuestra intención es compartir lo aprendido para ser capaces de incorporar mejoras, aplicarlas en beneficio del conocimiento con la intención de aumentar las posibilidades de intercambio y aprovechar spill-overs sobre el resto del sistema educativo. ; [EN] Teaching object, teaching article, media studies, interactive PDF, video goal is to share the lessons learned in order to work on further improvements, enhance exchange knowlegde and encourage spillovers over the education system. ; Martinez Gomez, VD.; Moreno-Pérez, OM.; Compes López, R.; Tudela Marco, L.; García Alvarez-Coque, JM. (2014). Retos de la Agricultura y la Alimentación en el siglo XXI, una experiencia de aprendizaje colaborativo. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 343-352. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/168743 ; S ; 343 ; 352

[ES] El sistema universitario en España en su proceso de adaptación al marco de homologación Europeo requiere del esfuerzo de los docentes universitarios quienes en el desarrollo de su labor, se sirven de nuevos instrumentos para la evaluar las competencias de los alumnos universitarios. En este trabajo se presenta una aplicación de la co-evaluación como sistema de evaluación del trabajo colaborativo a una asignatura de Grado de primer curso impartida en la Universitat Politècnica de València ; De La Poza, E.; Domenech, J.; Guadalajara Olmeda, MN.; Mas Verdú, F.; Martinez Gomez, VD.; Barrachina Martínez, I.; Martí Selva, ML. (2014). La co-evaluación como sistema de evaluación del trabajo colaborativo. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 856-865. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/144721 ; S ; 856 ; 865