Suchergebnisse

This article seeks to analyze the bill 006/2018 which prohibited the construction of markets, supermarkets and hypermarkets within a 2km radius of another in the city of Matinhos, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. This fact generated a controversy that caught the attention of the media. and created a popular mobilization because it instituted in practice the sector monopoly in the city where the former mayor would be the biggest beneficiary because he owns a supermarket chain, exposing a form of clientelism that occurs in the municipality. The other bill 1960/2018 is identical to that of supermarkets even in the newsroom, but involves gas stations and was voted the week before this bill, being approved and sanctioned by the chief executive and the law in full force, which called Attention for not having received the same treatment from the media and the population in it will be analyzed the media micropower and its selectivity in relation to events.

Timor-Leste was recognised as an Independent State on 20 May 2002 after a long struggle for its independence. Toward the end of the Indonesia's occupation, health service delivery including malaria control programs collapse. During the United Nations Administration in East Timor (UNTAET),health sector development has been actively pursued and continued to this present day. This study, utilising a mixed methods approach, was designed to explore and examine a number of features of malaria policy and control. This included examining malaria control re-establishment after its brief collapse in 1999, the implementation of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund) grant, the delivery of malaria interventions during political instability in 2006, and the formulations and implementation of malaria treatment policy in Timor-Leste over the past 10 years. During the UNTAET period, the World Health Organization (WHO), international non-governmental organisations and the Interim Health Authority delivered malaria interventions, re-established malaria control and developed the first Malaria Treatment Protocol (MTP) in Timor-Leste. Timor-Leste's malaria program received more support with the award of the Global Fund's first grant in 2003. The Global Fund-funded malaria programs were implemented by multiple stakeholders, however, lack of infrastructure and human resources impeded the implementation. Despite these constraints, there were important contributions made to the health system strengthening, capacity building and community. The recent political instability in 2006 caused by widespread violence, destruction and displacement of around 150,000 country's population. The Ministry of Health (MoH) responded to the health needs of the people affected by that crisis including malaria. Multifaceted interventions were rapidly organised and delivered. The MTP was changed in 2007 by replacing the first-line treatment for falciparum malaria from sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine to artemether-lumefantrine. ...

O presente artigo realiza uma análise da implementação do Sistema Nacional de Informações de Recursos Hídricos (SNIRH), tendo como foco os gestores públicos responsáveis pela sua elaboração e manutenção e os representantes da sociedade civil presentes no Conselho Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (CNRH), responsável pelo gerenciamento da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, como aponta a Lei das Águas. Discutindo inicialmente a construção do debate sobre a informação ambiental enquanto ferramenta de participação democrática e como concretização do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente, o acesso a tais informações é apontado enquanto forma de possibilitar o controle participativo na gestão hídrica. Por fim, o trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma análise qualitativa de redes sociais a partir de dados extraídos das atas das reuniões ordinárias e extraordinárias do CNRH entre 2006 e 2016 e de questionários eletrônicos respondidos pelos conselheiros, entre eles estão a avaliação do caráter marginal conferido ao tema do acesso à informação na gestão hídrica nacional e a necessidade de que seja atribuída uma maior centralidade ao SNIRH.

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra ; Nowadays, a collection of two or more autonomous mobile agents working together are denoted as teams or simply societies of mobile robots. In Multi-Robot Systems (MRS) robots are allowed to coordinate with each other in order to achieve a speci c goal. In these systems, robots are far less capable as an entity, but the real power lies in the cooperation of the team. The simplicity of MRS has produced a wide set of applications such as in military tasks , searching for survivors in disaster hit areas, parallel and simultaneous transportations of vehicles and delivery of payloads. The success of single-robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) in the past two decades has led to research on Multi-Robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (MRSLAM). A team of robots is able to map an unknown environment faster and more and reliably. However, MRSLAM raises several challenging problems, including map fusion, unknown robot poses and scalability issues. Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filters (RBPFs) have been demonstrated as an e ective solution to the problem of single robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), and a few extensions to teams of robots exist. However, these approaches are usually characterized by strict assumptions on both communication bandwidth and prior knowledge on relative poses between teammates. In this dissertation, we describe in detail a distributed MRSLAM approach using RBPF in the case of possibly constrained communication and unknown relative initial poses using Robot Operating System (ROS). We consider the environment as a two dimensional space with several obstacles, which are explored by a team of cooperative mobile robots, equipped with laser sensors. In order to e ciently tackle the problem, the cooperation between agents and the memory space available for observations storage must be taken into account. Experimental results using a team of up to two robots in a large indoor area show the robustness and performance of the approach. ; Hoje em dia, um conjunto de dois ou mais agentes móveis autônomos que trabalham em cooperação são designados de equipas de robôs ou simplesmente de sociedades de robôs móveis. Em Sistemas Multi-robô (MRS), os robôs devem coordenar uns com os outros de modo a alcançar um objetivo especí fico. Nestes sistemas, os robôs são individualmente menos capazes, sendo que o seu verdadeiro poder reside na cooperação em equipa. A simplicidade de MRS gerou um potencial de aplicação em várias áreas, tais como, tarefas militares, missões de busca e salvamento em situações de desastres naturais, transportes paralelos e simultâneos de veículos, assim como em distribuição de cargas. O sucesso da tarefa de Localização e Mapeamento Simultâneos (SLAM) com um único robô nas últimas duas décadas tem levado a imensas pesquisas sobre Localização e Mapeamento Simultâneos com Múltiplos Robôs (MRSLAM). A equipa de robôs pode explorar um ambiente de forma mais e ciente e robusta. No entanto, MRSLAM levanta também muitos problemas desafi adores, incluindo fusão de mapas, robôs com pose desconhecida e problemas de escalabilidade. Filtro de partículas Rao-Blackwell(RBPF) têm demonstrado ser uma solução e ficaz para o problema de SLAM com um único robô existindo algumas extensões para equipas de robôs. No entanto, estas abordagens são normalmente caracterizadas por severas restrições na largura de banda de comunicação e conhecimento prévio da pose relativa entre agentes robóticos. Nesta dissertação, descrevemos em detalhes uma abordagem distribuída para MRSLAM utilizando RBPF considerando situações de comunicação com largura de banda limitada e pose inicial relativa desconhecida usando ROS. Consideramos o meio ambiente como um espa ço bidimensional com vários obstáculos, que é explorado cooperativamente por uma equipa de robôs móveis equipados com sensores laser. De modo a enfrentar o problema de forma efi caz, a cooperação entre os agentes e o espaço de memória disponíveis para armazenamento de observações devem ser levados em conta. Os resultados experimentais, utilizando uma equipa até dois robôs num espaço vasto em ambiente indoor demonstram a robustez assim como o desempenho da abordagem apresentada.

This book examines key aspects of the measurement of fiscal policy making in the EU fiscal surveillance framework, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of current assessment practice. Based on the proceedings of a workshop organized by the European Commission's Directorate-General Economic and Financial Affairs, the book's contributions from leading experts will be of particular value to individuals and institutions involved in the fields of national and international economics and finance. Key Features: Chapters are arranged within three main sections: Long-term sustainability; Measurement o

"Fiscal policy making in the European Union is a national prerogative that is carried out and co-ordinated within the remits of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). The SGP Member States have agreed upon a rules-based framework which, abstracting from operational details, aims to ensure long-term sustainability of public finances while allowing for short-term fiscal stabilization. The success of the EU fiscal framework depends to a large extent on the effectiveness and accuracy of the tool-kit of indicators and methods used at the EU level to monitor and assess the fiscal performance of the Member States vis-a-vis the requirements of the SGP. The contributions to this volume examine key aspects of the measurement of fiscal policy making in the context of the EU fiscal surveillance framework. They highlight strengths and weaknesses of current assessment practice, including innovations implied by the 2005 revision of the SGP."--Jacket.