Suchergebnisse

UID/HIS/00749/2013 ; Substantially attractive, largely due to the high earnings which could enable, the capture of prisoners of war was a common practice in Portugal during the Middle Ages, particularly in periods of intense military activity. However, this reality is not an exclusive of war periods, but also of peace times. In addition, captivity was something that not only the warriors were subjected to, but also the non-combatants. Consideravelmente atractiva, em larga medida pelos proventos, muitas vezes elevados, que daí podiam resultar, a captura de prisioneiros de guerra era uma prática corrente em Portugal durante a Idade Média, designadamente nos períodos de maior conflitualidade militar. Porém, esta não era uma realidade exclusiva dos contextos de guerra, verificando-se também em períodos de paz. Para além disso, o cativeiro era algo a que não só os guerreiros estavam sujeitos, como também os não-combatentes. ; publishersversion ; published

The interaction of mechanized pruning systems and soil organic amendment can affect vine vegetative and reproductive growth. However, since organic amendments supply several mineral elements, namely heavy metals, this study aimed to understand the effects of the interaction between these two practices on the mineral composition of wine. Two field trials were implemented in 'Syrah' vineyards in two Portuguese wine regions (Lisboa and Tejo). Mechanical hedge pruning was compared with hand spur pruning and four different organic amendments were tested: biochar, municipal solid waste compost, cattle manure and sewage sludge. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) wine contents were significantly reduced by mechanical pruning while calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents were tendentially higher in this pruning system. Mechanical pruning also reduced the content of some minor elements, such as arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni). In 2014, the year with the higher reproductive growth, some other elements also decreased as a consequence of the mechanical pruning (gallium - Ga; lithium – Li; rubidium - Rb, thallium – Tl; yttrium - Y). Concerning the organic amendments, sewage sludge was associated with the wines with the lowest P and iron (Fe) content. Ca content was tendentially higher in municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge treatments. Mechanical pruning and organic amendments had different effects on the mineral composition of wine, according to each specific element. However, the legal limits, recommended by OIV and established by European Union, as well as the technical limits, adopted by winemakers, were never exceeded and the interaction of both practices does not seem to be a problem in what concerns to the mineral composition of the produced wines ; A interação entre a poda mecânica e a aplicação de corretivos orgânicos ao solo pode afetar o crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo da videira. No entanto, uma vez que os corretivos orgânicos fornecem vários elementos minerais, ...