Abstract This article addresses the political effects which the multidirectional activity of both the state and civil society institutions have on the voluntary movement. The state seeks to provide support with the purpose of indoctrination, whereas the aim of public organizations is civic activism. The authors of this paper confirm the hypothesis about the direct political impact of these efforts using the evidence of an empirical study of voluntary movements that was conducted in 2019 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra. The authors conclude that just as state support provided to voluntary organizations does not incite the 'pro-government' discourse of their actions, so their 'civil' origin does not stir up oppositionist attitudes. Moreover, the state's efforts to indoctrinate or block political socialization can trigger the opposite response, where volunteers start to act opportunistically and non-profit public organizations, designed to be the mainstay of civil society, can easily be transformed into agents of state policy.
The authors analyze the role of the societal (generally systematic) factor of democratization and modernization of the political system of a society, as well as the relation of these processes to the nature of the societal identity and the socio-cultural development of countries. By the examples of the socio-historical development of the USA and Spain, the universal character of threats concer-ning with the nature of the societal factor in various aspects is proved, and their actuality for Ukraine's political modernization is considered. A forecast of the development of societal properties of Ukraine's socium which are an important precondition of the steady development of the country is given.
The authors used archetypal methodology to analyse the problem of the international relations multipolar system formation, which occurs against the background of full-scale armed aggression by Russia against Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the phenomenon of security as a prerequisite for individual and collective activity, which is the keeper of the world history evolution, and knows various systems of international relations, their classification and typology: unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar. It is noted that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia for an extended period, cultivated resentment about the American-centric world because of the Soviet defeat in the Cold War. According to the authors, the latter manifests the war of identities if we understand it as a hierarchy of values. Thus, the process of social change in the consciousness of Ukrainian society, which dates to the Orange Revolution (2004), is essentially a recreation of the preconditions of the former Cold War. According to the author's monitoring (1992–2022), it was then that substantial changes took place in the self-consciousness of Ukrainians: collectivist values gave way to individualist self-consciousness, resulting in radical institutional changes in society. However, unrealised public expectations in general for literally one (2005) year catalysed public consciousness in the inversion and pathopsychological state, which manifested itself in the phenomenon of "nonconformism" of the "Revolution of Dignity" (2013–2014). Significantly strengthened the pathopsychological state of environmental and reform factors influence. The Russian-Ukrainian war (2014–2022) became the final chord of the social transformation of the public consciousness of Ukrainian society. At the same time, the completion of transformational changes in Ukraine after the war, according to the authors, will coincide with the world's transition to a postmodern multipolar system of international relations. Moreover, suppose a block approach to national security characterises the modern approach, then in the postmodern conditions. In this case the international security system will be built by combining the hierarchical and network properties of the new – multipolar international system. At the same time, the main issues will remain control over communications, sources of raw materials and technology. The postmodern multipolar system of international relations will consist of several hierarchical structures. The post-Yeltsin system of international relations will occur under challenging conditions of "multipolar confrontation" in an interconnected world. The factor of the interdependence of the multipolar international structure inspires optimism in the conditions of the new postmodern international imperative: "unity of the world in its diversity", which considers the socio-cultural specifics of our country and embraces the national interests of Independent Ukraine.
The article examines the nature of delinquency as a manifestation of the pathopsychological state of society in the conditions of transformational changes. The general background of this relationship is the visible weakening of social norms and institutions regulating and disciplining people's behaviour through transformational processes, which leads to the denial of the authority of existing social norms and provokes various forms of deviant behaviour. Therefore, the psychological (psychosocial) aspect, which covers the individual and the collective conscious and unconscious nature of social behaviour, comes to the forefront of the knowledge of the new – Postmodern social situation. For the analysis of transitional processes and the social situation as a whole, the authors use both the established concept of the Modern era – "social identity" and introduce a new one, corresponding to the realities of the postmodern era, the concept of "societal identity" as a multidimensional psychosocial reality, which is measured by the author's BAD methodology. It is about its six binary scales-oppositions, which measure such qualitative features of the social system as: "extroversion – introversion", "emotionality – pragmatism", "irrationality – rationality", "intuitiveness – sensory", "externality – internality", "executiveness – intentionality". Monitoring the trends of changes in these qualitative characteristics during the years 2002–2023 provided an opportunity not only to establish the fact of the birth and subsequent dominance of a new type of "social identity" in Ukraine but also to determine the "landmarks" of the irreversibility of the process of social transformation, which became: the "Orange Revolution" (2004), the "Revolution of Dignity" (2013–2014), the Russian-Ukrainian war (2014–2023), especially its final phase – Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine (2022–2023). The latter seems to be the equifinal moment of social transformation, which brings victory for Ukraine while turning into a strategic defeat for Russia. This defeat is accompanied by the criminal nature of the delinquent behaviour of the military and politicians, which is caused by the pathopsychological state of Russian society with its conformist behavioural colouring, which is based on the archetypal tradition of the "oprichnina" of the Muscovite state of the 16th century, during the reign of Ivan 4th the Terrible.
