The article describes in detail the process of formation, development and reform of education in India. The great scientific and practical contribution of the Indian scientist J.P. Naik is that in his works he revealed the priority directions for the development of education in India taking into account the interests of the poorest segments of the population. He believed that all general education institutions should devote more time to participation in social welfare and national development programmes. At the heart of the education system, the scientist singled out a humanistic basis.
The article considers implicatures of utterances. An implicature is information complex which is literally (verbally) unexpressed and which can be elicited as a result of extracting the meaning using background knowledge of recipient, context and situation. Formation and understanding the meaning of an utterance is the process of extracting implied meaning which is formed by interaction of linguistic units with constituents of cognitive environment. An utterance therefore can be considered as a speech stimulus involving the knowledge from cognitive environment to form the meaning of the utterance. Extracting the meaning is (that is, eliciting an implicature) is important for communicion. The purpose of the research was to study various aspects of implicatures: the way of extracting the meaning, describing different types and obtaining statistical data of different types implicatures usage. In particular, our research demonstrates statistical prevalence of contextual implicatures. The results of the paper can be of some interest for experts in linguopragmatics and psycholinguisics.
Introduction: Single-parent military families experience a combination of single-parenthood stressors and military life–related stressors, including work–family conflict and parental strain. Previous research has suggested that ineffective coping strategies in relation to maintaining work–family balance and dealing with parental strain may contribute to psychological distress among single military mothers. Methods: To address the research limitations, an electronic survey was administered to single Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) mothers in 2014. This study examined the role of work–family conflict, parental strain, and coping in the well-being of CAF single mothers ( N = 223). We expected that work–family conflict, parental strain, and coping strategies would play an important role in the well-being of single CAF mothers and that coping strategies would also moderate the path between single-parenthood difficulties (work–family conflict and parental strain) and psychological well-being. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that work–family conflict and parental strain have strong negative impacts on the well-being of single CAF mothers. Although coping strategies serve as important and unique predictors of well-being, they do not buffer the impact of military life–related stress on single mothers. Discussion: Recommendations for mitigating the impact of work–family conflict and parental strain for single mothers in the CAF are offered.
