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This study has been done by using institutional approach, with the aims is to study forests cover change in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan. The collected data was consisted ofquantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data was used to analyze the land cover changes from forested land to be non-forested land. The qualitative data was collected through interviews with snowballing method. The results showed that the forest cover in Paser Regency both located in forest area and in other areas had been transformed into a landscape with a variety ofcover types, such as: shrubs, settlements, swamps, ponds, farming, agriculture, vacant land, and mining. Three factors caused the changes in such forest cover, namely: (1) the development ofinvestment-based land resources, (2) the existence oftransactional politics that makes the forest as goods to be transacted for various interests, and (3) the chaotic situation offorest management with the openess of organization networking in the community. In order to reduce the on-going excessive forest conversion, the results ofthe study suggest that both central and local governments together need to immediately enforce the property rights over the remaining forest resources. ; Menggunakan pendekatan kelembagaan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perubahan tutupan hutan di Kabupaten Paser, Kalimantan Timur. Jenis data yang digunakan terdiri dari: data kuantitatifdan kualitatif. Data kuantitatifdigunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan hutan di areal kawasan hutan dan areal penggunaan lain. Data kualitatifdikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan metode snowballing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan hutan di Kabupaten Paser baik yang beradadi areal kawasan hutan maupun di areal penggunaan lain telah berubah menjadi bentang lahan dengan beragam jenis tutupan : semak belukar, pemukiman, rawa, tambak, perkebunan, pertanian, tanah kosong, dan pertambangan. Tiga faktor menyebabkan perubahan tutupan hutan tersebut, yaitu : (1) berkembangnya investasi berbasis ...

Forests play a vital role for the livelihoods of rural and urban communities. Addressing perception of forest users regarding forest practices is one of the most important aspects of forest management. This paper aims to elaborate stakeholders' perception on the biophysical, socio-economic and institutional aspects of forest landscape management in upstream Ciliwung watershed. Data were collected through survey, by highlighting preferences, perceptions, and expectations of actors who are interested in the impacts of watershed management. This study indicates that communities at upstream Ciliwung watershed area perceived that the socio-economic aspect is the most important factor in managing upstream Ciliwung watershed. The governments (central and local), however, pay more attention to the biophysical and institutional aspects. The result of the overall perception analysis shows that institutional aspects need to be addressed first, followed by socio-economic aspects and biophysical aspects to improve the management of upstream Ciliwung watershed. Addressing institutional aspects is needed to enhance awareness and coordination among stakeholders, to enforce law and to develop a monitoring system to support the preservation of the forest at the upstream watershed areas. In terms of socio-economic aspects, improving community livelihoods is needed through payments for environmental services. Regarding biophysical aspects, afforestation and conservation of soil and water need to be prioritised. Thus, there should be programs that could provide solutions based on the three main aspects to improve the management of the forest resources in the upstream watershed area.

Forests play a vital role for the livelihoods of rural and urban communities. Addressing perception of forest users regarding forest practices is one of the most important aspects of forest management. This paper aims to elaborate stakeholders' perception on the biophysical, socio-economic and institutional aspects of forest landscape management in upstream Ciliwung watershed. Data were collected through survey, by highlighting preferences, perceptions, and expectations of actors who are interested in the impacts of watershed management. This study indicates that communities at upstream Ciliwung watershed area perceived that the socio-economic aspect is the most important factor in managing upstream Ciliwung watershed. The governments (central and local), however, pay more attention to the biophysical and institutional aspects. The result of the overall perception analysis shows that institutional aspects need to be addressed first, followed by socio-economic aspects and biophysical aspects to improve the management of upstream Ciliwung watershed. Addressing institutional aspects is needed to enhance awareness and coordination among stakeholders, to enforce law and to develop a monitoring system to support the preservation of the forest at the upstream watershed areas. In terms of socio-economic aspects, improving community livelihoods is needed through payments for environmental services. Regarding biophysical aspects, afforestation and conservation of soil and water need to be prioritised. Thus, there should be programs that could provide solutions based on the three main aspects to improve the management of the forest resources in the upstream watershed area.

This study applies the framework of institutional development approach to analyze the increased rate of forest loss when Indonesia embarked the policy to decentralize management of natural resources in 1999. The analysis aims in exploring factors that affect the links between institutional dynamic and sustainability of natural resources. The Regency Paser of the East Kalimantan province was selected as the study site, due to its characteristics of forests, characters of forest users and characters of rules that guide the uses of forests. Applying combined methods of spatial and documentary analysis, the study explains that forest covers has changed into oil-palm plantation, fish-ponds establishment, and coal mining exploitation. Results from documentary analysis show three factors successively underlie the conversion of forest into other land uses. Firstly, situation of forests in 1990 that open access and in degraded condition stimulates transfer of forest rights and transfer of forest uses. Economical crises in 1996 invites the World Bank and IMF to stabilize economical situation by intervening the policy on forest land uses. Thirdly, political reform in 1999 re-arrange authority of the government to manage natural resources induce chaotic situation on forest management. The study concludes for institutional dynamic gives impact on forest condition. Decentralization that intends to sustain natural resources through participation of local people and accountable of local government were hindered by diverse interests of actor and conflicting interests of the government at central and local level. The study recommends the government to administer institutional dynamics for mobilizing information and organization into networks of collective action in order to sustain natural resources in general, and in particular of forest resources.

Communities living surrounding forest have used state forest for grazing area in East Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia for a long time. However, Indonesia government have not given them a permit for managing state forest. Government will involve communities in state forest management to generate people income but government ,as a principal, was worried that the communities, as agent, will act in the way contrary to the interest of government. We used a principal agent theory to analyze principal agent problems which will occur if communities manage state forest for silvopasture purpose. The research showed that there are some principal agent problems in silvopasture contract if government give communities a permit for silvopasture purpose, i.e. communities, as agent, are not willing to plant trees and keep forest. Government must control communities to prevent some principal-agent problems in silvopasture contract.