Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the methodological aspect of the philosophy of the «Common cause» of the founder of Russian cosmism. First of all, the author reveals the historical prerequisites for the reflexivity of the projective nature of human activity, achieved through the synergy of the philosophical and scientific worldview, which is expressed in the paradigmatic functioning of culture. It is shown that as social practice became more complex, there was a deepening of awareness of human nature and its activities in the context of philosophical anthropology. The key moments in the development of human thought in the indicated direction are analyzed: Socratic and Kantian revolutions in culture. It is proved that N. F. Fedorov makes another revolution, removing the Kantian dualism of the subjective and objective and thus satisfying the urgent need to realize the attribution of the projective nature of human activity, which organically combines the theoretical and practical sides of social development. It is proved that at the same time Fedorov reproduces the Socratic revolution on a qualitatively new level, rooting after Socrates the moral regulation of «the sons of men « in the Foundation of being. The influence of Russian thought on the birth of the philosophy of «Common cause» is noted. The content of the Fedorov project is investigated: its subject and object, its goal in itself and the conditions for implementation. At the same time, the core of the theoretical justification of the project is revealed. It consists in the recognition of the transformation of the contemplative type of worldview into an active one, which leads to the formulation of the problem of freedom in the context of the relationship between subjective and objective factors in order to understand what depends and what does not depend on the subject of the project in realizing the goal. It is concluded that the theoretical depth and methodological validity of the Fedorov project consists in revealing the dialectics of the essence and phenomenon, i.e. in justifying the need to replace «the question of universal enrichment with the question of universal return of life». The goal of the comparative analysis of global projects is to reflexive the criterion of a truly philosophical project, which consists in the synergy of methodological optimality and worldview sense.

V.S. Solovyov's cultural position is conceptualized in the context of an organically cosmic worldview, which is reflected in the collective creativity of 19th – early 20th century Russian thinkers. That position is a response to the historical need for a mature self-awareness of a social subject in the face of an apocalyptic alternative between self-destruction or self-regeneration of humanity at the level of moral freedom. It is noted that this need was initiated by the industrial revolution of the turn of the 18th – 19th centuries, which radically changed a person's place in the world due to the development of artificial energy sources. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the reflection of this need in West European positivism and Russian organicism in the 19th century is carried out in the context of the task of overcoming the mechanistic paradigm that reigns supreme in European culture of the 17th –18th centuries and the transition to the positions of an organically active worldview. The essence and significance of this transformation in this worldview is revealed as a return to the «organically nurtured» (N.A. Berdyaev) worldview, but at a qualitatively new and active, not intuitive, level, implying the responsibility of the thinking subject for all life forms in accordance with the level of their organization. The essence of an organically active worldview, which is based on the theoretical dialectics of German classical philosophy, is emphasized. As a result of a comparative analysis, it was found that Russian thinkers who deeply and interestedly mastered German classical philosophy, as well as new trends in Western philosophy of the 19th century, were able to dialectically comprehend the relevance of an organically-active world outlook on the basis of their native culture, making it a concrete and organic worldview within the philosophy of Russian cosmism. The significance of Soloviev's teachings is revealed in the collective work of developing a philosophical and anthropological project of Russian cosmism aimed at constructively resolving the apocalyptic alternative through a «common cause», the content of which on the scale of each national culture is determined by its «organic function».