Suchergebnisse

Abstract: Liberal Muslims believe that human beings are created free and that if you take away or diminish freedom, you are in fact contradicting human nature as well as divine will. Unlike the rather starkly opposed "liberalisms" of the United States and Europe respectively, Islamic liberalism, emphasizes both the liberty of the community (ummah) from occupation and oppression, and at the same time the liberty of the individual within the community. Liberal Islam remains marginal only because its potentiality is politically suppressed; in truth, it represents the predominant political hopes of Muslims around the world.

Traces the historic construction of the Arabic terms, shariah, Sunnism, & jihad, in order to shed light on the conflict surrounding them in the Muslim world, noting that these three words are at the core of the continuing conflict between Islamists & secularists that emerged in the early 20th century. It is maintained that the set of rules called shariah is subject to interpretation & a involves adaptation to shifting needs of society. The schism between Sunnis & Shiites is shown to be linked to different interpretations of shariah that reflect the different positions of reformers & traditionalists. It is argued that jihad is the most misunderstood concept in Islam. Although it can have violent connotations, it simply means "struggle" in Arabic, & refers primarily to the peaceful struggle to lead a decent life free from evil/temptation. Its more violent meaning focuses on defense against oppression/tyranny & the struggle for justice, freedom, & human dignity. The need for intellectual debates aimed at finding a middle ground in the conflict between secularists & Islamists is discussed. J. Lindroth

Filali-Ansary, Abdou: The sources of enlightened Muslim thought. - S. 19-33. El-Affendi, Abdelwahab: The elusive reformation. - S. 34-39. Masmoudi, Radwan A.: The silenced majority. - S. 40-44. Kubba, Laith: Faith and modernity. - S. 45-49

Why different democratization outcomes in Tunisia and Egypt? Islamic-Secular Party accommodations, constitutions, militaries, and the content of international assistance -- "Ennadha's democratic commitments, and capabilities : major evolutionary moments and choice" / Rachid Ghannouchi -- "The challenges of democratization in the Arab world : some reflections on the Egyptian case" / Carrie Rosefsky Wickham -- "Mutual accommodation between moderate Islamic and moderate secular activists" / Alfred Stepan -- "The roots of Egypt's constitutional catastrophe : the necessity of marrying analysis of context, process and text" / Nathan J. Brown -- "Civil and political society compromises in the crafting of a progressive and consensual constitution" / Monica Marks -- "Legacies for democratization of prior patterns of civil-military relations" / Hicham bou Nassif -- "Why so much international assistance for an authoritarian military in Egypt and so little for democratic transition and consolidation in Tunisia? / Radwan Masmoudi -- Rethinking other democracies with large muslim populations: what policies helped in Indonesia and india? -- "Crafting Indonesian democracy : inclusion- moderation and the sacralizing of the postcolonial state" / Jeremy Menchik -- "Crafting of a democracy with the world's largest Muslim minority" / Sudipta Kaviraj