Suchergebnisse

ARCHITECTURE AND "THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT" ARE NOW INFUSED BY A SHOPPING-MALL CULTURE THAT DEPRIVES LIVED SPACES OF BOTH COHERENCE AND COMPLEXITY. IN THIS ESSAY, THE AUTHOR ARGUES THAT THIS CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SPACE IS NOW WIDELY SHARED AND LIES BEHIND THE APPROACH OF ERNESTO LACLAU'S "NEW REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION OF OUR TIME." SHE IS CONCERNED THAT SUCH SCHOLARS VIEW GEOGRAPHIC SPACE AS A PASSIVE AND DEPOLITICIZED ARENA, SEEING ONLY TIME AS THE DOMAIN OF CONTRADICTION AND DYNAMISM. SHE POINTS OUT THAT RADICAL AND FEMINIST GEOGRAPHERS HAVE UNDERMINED ANY SUCH DICHOTOMY OF SPACE AND TIME. THEY HAVE SHOWN NOT ONLY THAT SPACE IS SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED BUT THAT SOCIETY IS SPATIALLY CONSTRUCTED; THEREFORE, CHAOS, CONTRADICTION, AND CHANGE ARE INTEGRAL TO THE SPATIAL.

Seeking to measure stocks of migration-specific human & social capital available to Mexican immigrants & to quantify their effect in promoting migration to the US, data from the Mexican Migration Project (N = 7,143 households surveyed in Mexico & 456 in the US) are used to assess the share of people in western Mexico who have been to the US &/or are socially connected to someone who has migrated to the US in the past, & is living in the US (at time of survey). Results show that 40% of household heads from this region -- & 20% of all persons of labor force age -- have been to the US at least once in their lives, & 25% have an immediate family member currently living in the US; 61% have a member of their extended family living north of the border; & 37% report knowing a friend in the US. All told, 73% of household heads in western Mexico are socially connected to someone living north of the border, & 81% at least know someone with US experience. These extensive stocks of human & social capital lead to very high probabilities of outmigration over the course of a Mexican's life & suggest that migration to the US may continue even as economic pressures to migrate diminish. 6 Tables, 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Spatial assimilation models are estimated for blacks and Hispanics, showing their ability to convert socioeconomic achievements into contact with Anglos. Suggests that ecological regressions capture the basic process of spatial assimilation well, but that they understate the extent of the black disadvantage. (Abstract amended)

Blacks are highly segregated from non-Hispanic whites at all socioeconomic levels. Hispanic and Asian segregation not only is lower at all socioeconomic levels but declines markedly from low to high socioeconomic status. For Asians and Hispanics, segregation falls from the immigrant to the native generation. (Abstract amended)

The changing geographic structure of black-white segregation in the US is examined at 4 geographic levels (state, county, city, & neighborhood), 1900-1990. Racial segregation at the state & county levels was determined through counts obtained from the decennial US Census Bureau dissimilarity & isolation indexes. City counts 1950-1970 were obtained from the City and County Data Book, & 1970-1990 from the Census Bureau. To assess trends at the neighborhood level, previously published work was consulted. A long-term trend away from macrolevel segregation & toward microlevel segregation was documented. From 1900 to 1970, segregation at the state & county levels decreased, while it increased on the neighborhood level &, after 1950, at the municipal level. It is concluded that segregation patterns in the twentieth century have consistently evolved to minimize white contact with blacks, although the geographical level at which the segregation has occurred has varied. 2 Tables, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

Interview data from 2,725 migrant households in 13 Mexican communities & 225 outmigrant households from these same communities relocated to the US are drawn on to investigate the impact of the 1986 Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA) on the wages of Mexican workers in the US. Examination of changes in the wages earned by migrant household heads before & after IRCA's passage indicated that the Act had no effect on the wages earned by Mexican migrants per se, but that it substantially increased the penalties accruing to undocumented status. 5 Tables, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

An examination of whether public housing is an important cause of poverty concentration within US cities, utilizing a model that estimates the effects of: (1) 1950 & 1970 census tracts in Chicago, Ill, on the selection of public housing sites; (2) tract location on poverty rates in 1970, controlling for socioeconomic composition in 1950; (3) tract poverty rates & public housing location on the rates of migration 1970-1980; & (4) project location & net migration on the concentration of poverty in 1980. Results indicate that public housing projects have been substantially targeted to poor, black neighborhoods & that the presence of housing projects has substantially increased the concentration of poverty over time. 3 Tables, 31 References. Adapted from the source document.

Uses Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples for 1910-1990 & the 1996 Current Population Survey to tabulate the distribution of all foreign-born Mexicans & recent (within 5 years) Mexican immigrants to the US by state & metropolitan area. Findings show that, early in the century, Mexicans went primarily to TX, but after 1910, CA emerged as a growing pole of attraction. CA continued to gain at the expense of TX through the 1920s & 1930s, but it did not surpass TX until the Bracero Program of 1942-1964. Following the demise of this program, CA came to dominate all other destinations; but since 1990, Mexican immigration has shifted away from it toward new states that have never before received significant numbers of Mexicans. During the 1990s, Mexican immigration was transformed from a regional to a national phenomenon. By 1996, nearly 33% of new arrivals were going to places other than the five traditional gateway states, which historically have absorbed 90% of all Mexican immigrants. 4 Tables, 18 References. Adapted from the source document.