Suchergebnisse

Resistance to anti-Semitism, the avant-garde form of political and emotional authoritarianism, was found to be higher among the younger and more highly educated workers organized by the CIO during World War II than those belonging to the AFL or simply unorganized. The CIO's greater integration of women also contributed greatly to this group's lower levels of anti-Jewish hatred.

Two problems dealing with content analysis of communist propaganda are discussed. In addition to explicit references to the VOA, communist media contain many indirect references and allusions. Included are 'hidden references', which are more subtle than merely indirect ones. Soviet media fight VOA without calling attention to its specific messages, often deliberately obscuring the origin of the stimulus to which it reacts. Complete content analysis of official media reaction should account for these hidden references but techniques have not yet been developed. A second problem lies in using official reactions as a diagnostic index of VOA impact. Assumption is that there is a quantitative relation between impact, official concern, and official media reaction. Problem is to interpret the signif of the contexts in which references occur. However, character and techniques of Soviet propaganda pose difficulties. Their control over mass media is independent of reader and listener interest. Material used in attacks of VOA has been stored away for release at the proper time. Analysis should reveal the emergence of this at a particular moment. Communist propaganda avoids defensive argumentation, direct reply when attacked and instead seizes the initiative by counter-attack. It accepts the challenge to battle but selects its own fields and targets. Soviet propagandists emphasize breaking down the image which they assume VOA creates of the US rather than meeting its challenge by posing a counter image of the positive virtues of the USSR. Their emphasis on creating a particular image of the US may be independent of any image the VOA is assumed to create.