Suchergebnisse

The Indo-Pacific region has emerged as a significant global focal point due to the increasing influence exerted by China and the UnitedStates. In light of the dynamic nature of the global geopolitical landscape, Malaysia and Indonesia, as two prominent Southeast Asianstates, find themselves at the nexus of this competition. China and the United States are two regional superpowers which have strategically positioned themselves in the Indo-Pacific. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine the crucial role of Indonesia and Malaysia in the context of the escalating Sino-US strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region. By focusing on research articles, books and reports, this work explored the policy and strategic outlook, methodological approaches and methods underpinning Indo-Pacific discourse in Indonesia and Malaysia. The methodology adopted for this review was systematic by following the seven stages suggested by Petticrew and Roberts (2008). This review's findings indicated the diverse range of theories, methodologies, practical strategies, and approaches that scholars have employed in examining the roles of Indonesia and Malaysia in the Indo-Pacific region. Consequently, this paper broadens the scope for scholars by expounding upon the strategic outlook of Indonesia and Malaysia within the Indo-Pacific discourse, along with the various methodological and theoretical frameworks and conceptual models that may inform future research endeavours. This study was however, limited to gathering input from journal articles, books, book chapters, and reports, and excluding other sources such as conference papers and op-eds. Furthermore, thescope of studies accessed was limited to data available from 2013 to September 2023.

Walaupun dasar pembangunan di Malaysia turut memberi tumpuan terhadap isu sekuriti makanan, ia tidak efektif dan telah memberi kesan negatif terhadap keselamatan insan di Malaysia. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis isu dan cabaran pelaksanaan dasar berhubung sekuriti makanan di Malaysia dari tahun 1981 hingga 2012. Kajian ini menghujahkan isu dan cabaran pelaksanaan dasar sekuriti makanan adalah sebahagiannya disebabkan oleh kegagalan kerajaan dalam merangka dasar yang efektif dan tidak selari dengan proses globalisasi. Metodologi kajian telah mengumpulkan kedua-dua data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikutip melalui kaedah temu bual terhadap kumpulan pakar termasuk ahli akademik, pembuat dasar, badan bukan kerajaan dan juga orang awam dan data daripada analisis kandungan. Sementara data sekunder diperoleh melalui kajian perpustakaan meliputi dokumen bercetak dan elektronik termasuk buku dan jurnal. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan dasar berkaitan sekuriti makanan di Malaysia adalah tidak efektif kerana pertama, Malaysia tidak memiliki suatu dasar yang konkrit dan komprehensif sejak dari awal merdeka sehingga kini; kedua, dasar pembangunan yang dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan bermula dari tahun 1980-an tidak seimbang dan mengabaikan pembangunan sektor pertanian, khususnya tanaman makanan; ketiga, pelaksanaan dasar dan strategi berkaitan sekuriti makanan tidak konsisten di peringkat nasional; dan keempat, globalisasi menjadikan isu sekuriti makanan bertambah serius. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa pelaksanaan dasar berhubung sekuriti makanan sehingga kini telah menyebabkan kemerosotan pertumbuhan sektor makanan dan meningkatkan kebergantungan makanan terhadap pasaran antarabangsa. Secara tidak langsung, ia memberi impak negatif pada keselamatan insan di Malaysia. Kajian ini mencadangkan supaya sektor pertanian diberikan perhatian serius oleh kerajaan untuk mengurangkan pergantungan terhadap import makanan di samping untuk menjamin keselamatan insan.

This study examines Rohingya living in Malaysia. Myanmar's discriminatory citizenship laws have stripped nearly all Rohingya of their citizenship, making them the largest stateless ethnic group in the world. Malaysia is one of the most popular destinations for the displaced Rohingya from Myanmar. As Malaysia is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, the Rohingya are not entitled to any legal protection under the existing law in their host country. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by displaced Rohingya regarding their right to work, and the response from the Malaysian government. The methodology used for this research is a multi-site case study with the case study sites being Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Terengganu, and Pahang. After intensive fieldwork and meetings with different stakeholders, this research revealed that Malaysian people are sympathetic to the Rohingya and wish to assist them within their limited capacities. Overall, this study argues that there is no consistent government policy and a lack of coordination between the Malaysian government and international agencies working to improve the welfare of the Rohingya. (Asian Aff/GIGA)

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is the electoral umpire responsible for the conduct of general elections in Nigeria and other related electoral activities since the resurgence of democratic rule in 1999. One of these important electoral activities carried out by INEC is campaign monitoring and political party financing activities as provided in the Nigerian Constitution and the 2010 Electoral Act. This paper examined the role of INEC in monitoring candidates and parties' expenditure during the 2015 General Elections. The major problem was the way parties and candidates violated the regulations while INEC as the monitoring body was watchful without any concrete action. The paper used the qualitative method of data collection and analysis where the researchers went to the field and consulted informants in the affected agencies and individuals through interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The data obtained from the field was analysed using tables and other techniques of qualitative data analysis. The paper concludes that, politicians and their political parties spent above the campaign spending limits as provided by law in the 2015 General Elections and the electoral body (INEC) did not monitor properly the campaign spending due to lack of political will from policy-makers and loopholes in the law that empowered them to monitor the spending. The research recommends that for proper and effective campaign financing monitoring in future elections, INEC should be mandated to monitor all politicians and their activities during and after elections, the anti-graft agency (EFCC) should be involved in screening candidates while the Code of Conduct Bureau should be reinforced in watching public servants' assets.

Corruption is one of the socioeconomic malaises that bedeviled the Nigerian State for many decades which virtually eroded all aspects of good governance and effective service delivery to the populace. It has affected democratic governance particularly electoral process with vote buying, bribing of electoral body officials and manipulation of the entire process. This paper investigated how corruption affected the process and outcome of the 2015 General Elections. The methodology adopted is qualitative case study of data collection and analysis where some agencies and stakeholders that are related to the area of study were selected for interview including INEC, EFCC, politicians, party stakeholders, academicians and members of the general public through focus group discussion. The paper discovered that, the entire process of 2015 General Elections was affected by corruption and corrupt practices in terms of using public treasury for campaign activities by politicians from the two major parties; APC and PDP in their campaign and other electoral activities comprising of vote buying, excessive media campaign, spending above limit and bribing of INEC officials. The paper recommends that, for corruption to be eschewed in the electoral process, the INEC should be allowed a free hand in running the elections and the EFCC should be involved in screening contestants for political office and violaters of electoral laws should be banned from active politics permanently. The paper contributed to the existing knowledge by presenting an area that has not been given adequate attention particularly in the methodology of research of this nature.