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This paper discusses the results of relative risk estimation based on four different types of methods. The methods used in this study are Standard Morbidity Ratio (SMR), Poisson-gamma model, stochastic Susceptible-Infective- Recovered (SIR) model and new alternative method that we proposed, stochastic Susceptible-Latently infected-Infectious- Recovered (SLIR) model. All the results are comparing and presenting in the form of graphs, tables and maps. These relative risk estimations are applied to TB count data in Malaysia. The maps showed the high-low risk areas for TB occurrence and this can be useful to interest parties in terms of government policy and financial support.

Rice is the basic food, most important source of employment and income as well as the main cultivation activity of paddy farmers in northern region of Malaysia. The efficiency of rice production has been of longstanding interest to the responsible organization in agriculture. This paper attempts to study the efficiency of paddy farmers in Kedah using Data Envelopment Analysis model. Four districts have been selected with the total respondents of 200. Overall average performance of paddy farmers is 0.787. The paddy farmers in Kepala Batas are the most efficient followed by Kubang Pasu, Kerpan and Kubang Pasu. Only few paddy farmers in Kubang Sepat, Kubang Pasu and Kerpan are showing very low relative performances,, on the other hand, not a single farmer in Kepala Batas district shows such low performance. By knowing the existing efficiency level of paddy farmers, the government can take viable plans or actions to increase the efficiency of paddy farmers in Kedah.

In Malaysia, CBRH is promoted by the government as a means to develop rural communities through their engagement in tourism small businesses.Both financial and non-financial supports have been provided by different government agencies to enable the program management and operators to serve quality services to the visitors and eventually to sustain their performance.This paper presents a conceptual analysis on variables that may influence CBRH's performance.Specifically, it explores the influential roles that can be potentially played by the selected determinants namely leadership, community support, and entrepreneurship skill.

Rice is the basic food, most important source of employment and income as well as the main cultivation activity of paddy farmers in northern region of Malaysia.The efficiency of rice production has been of longstanding interest to the responsible organization in agriculture.This paper attempts to study the efficiency of paddy farmers in Kedah using Data Envelopment Analysis model.Four districts have been selected with the total respondents of 200. Overall average performance of paddy farmers is 0.787.The paddy farmers in Kepala Batas are the most efficient followed by Kubang Pasu, Kerpan and Kubang Pasu. Only few paddy farmers in Kubang Sepat, Kubang Pasu and Kerpan are showing very low relative performances,, on the other hand, not a single farmer in Kepala Batas district shows such low performance. By knowing the existing efficiency level of paddy farmers, the government can take viable plans or actions to increase the efficiency of paddy farmers in Kedah.

This paper proposes a new hybrid multiattribute decision making (MADM) model which deals with the interactions that usually exist between hostel attributes in the process of measuring the students' satisfaction towards a set of hostels and identifying the optimal strategies for enhancing their satisfaction. The model uses systematic random stratified sampling approach for data collection purpose as students dwelling in hostels are "naturally" clustered by block and gender, factor analysis for extracting large set of hostel attributes into fewer independent factors, λ-measure for characterizing the interactions shared by the attributes within each factor, Choquet integral for aggregating the interactive performance scores within each factor, Mikhailov's fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (MFAHP) for determining the weights of independent factors, and simple weighted average (SWA) operator to measure the overall satisfaction score of each hostel. A real evaluation involving fourteen Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) hostels was carried out in order to demonstrate the model's feasibility. The same evaluation was performed using an additive aggregation model in order to illustrate the effects of ignoring the interactions shared by attributes in hostel satisfaction analysis.