Suchergebnisse

Historically, the global society has viewed females as naturally weak, powerless and dependent on males. False medical myths such as development of masculine and unfeminine bodies, harmful effects on the menstrual cycle and prejudice about women who participate in sport activities have been spread which have discouraged active participation of females in different parts of the world, especially in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries1. In this paper, a Scenario Analysis methodology recommended by Spaniol and Rowland2 was used; a process of analysing possible future events by considering alternative possible outcomes from the society. The UAE Vision 2021 was developed to make the nation among the best countries in the world by the Golden Jubilee of the union. This vision was utilised to provide references to the analysis and application of the methods CATWOE, PESTLE and SWOT; also used to complement the scenario description. The discussion revolved around the overall engagement of women representing the Muslim community in the sports sector with a heavy focus on the United Arab Emirates (UAE) sporting scene. In addition, the outlook of the UAE government on women in sports and the various strategies and reforms adopted by the local government to promote women participation in sports was discussed. The conclusion reflects on the possibilities of a behavioural change in the contemporary local society which could lead to more opportunities for women in sports even after the imposition of barriers. References 1 Myths surrounding gender and sports [Internet]. Kentucky: Northern Kentucky University [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.nku.edu/~lipping/PHE125/ Myths%20Surrounding%20Gender%20and%20S ports.doc. 2 Rowland NJ, Spaniol MJ, Public understanding of futures & foresight science: A reply to Chermack's response. 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[Internet]. BBC; 2018 Aug 8 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-45112792. 23 Golden Emirati burka, or the secrets of female masks in UAE [Internet]. Russia News Today; 2017 Dec 16 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://chelorg.com/2017/12/16/golden-emirati-burka-or-the-secrets-of-female-masks-in- uae/ 24 Fox News. Iranian women's soccer team disqualified from Olympics over headscarves [Internet]. FOX News Network, LLC.; 2011 Jun 7 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from: https://www.foxnews.com /world/iranian-womens-soccer-team-disqualified-from- olympics-over-headscarves. 25 Tardiff S. International Boxing Association rewrites: Rules for hijabi women to compete [Internet]. Dubai: ITP Digital Media Inc, Harper's Bazaar Arabia; 2019 Feb 29 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/people/culture/nike-sports-hijab-women-boxers. 26 Wilson J. 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Available from https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/dubai/dressing-inappropriately-in-public-can-land- you-in-jail-in-dubai— 30 Rowland NJ, Spaniol MJ, Public understanding of futures & foresight science: A reply to Chermack's response. Futures & Foresight Science. 2019; 1(2): 1-3. 31 Flick U. Triangulation in data collection. In: The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection. City Road: SAGE Publications; 2019. 32 Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ, Zardini Filho CE, Milla AC. Youth Olympic Games: Using marketing tools to analyse the reality of GCC countries beyond Agenda 2020, Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2019; 14(3proc): S391-S411. 33 Abdul Razak MT, Fauzee O, Sofian M., Abd-Latif R. The Perspective of Arabic Muslim women toward sport participation. Journal of Asia Pacific Studies. 2010; 1(2): 364-377. 34 Rizvi A. Special report: Obesity rate in the UAE double the world average [Internet]. The National; 2015 Feb 18 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.thenational.ae/uae/health/special-report-obesity-rate-in-the-uae-double-the- world-average-1.74056. 35 Harvard SA. Meet these 14 incredible Muslim women athletes who won medals at the 2016 Rio Olympics [Internet]. Bustle Digital Group, Mic; 2016 Aug 23 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.mic.com/articles/152257/meet-these- 14-incredible-muslim-women-athletes-who-won-medals-at-the-2016-rio-olympics. 36 Amara M. The Muslim World in the global sporting arena. The Brown Journal of World Affairs. 2008; 14(2): 67-75. 37 Iran set to revive Women's Islamic Games: sports minister [Internet]. Tehran Times; 2018 Apr 23 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/422912/Iran-set-to-revive-Women-s-Islamic-Games- sports-minister. 38 Iran retains AFC Women's Futsal Championship title [Internet]. Tehran Times. 2018 May 12 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/423475/Iran-retain-AFC-Women-s-Futsal- Championship-title. 39 Iranian fans frustrated by lack of coverage of women's futsal [Internet]. The Observers; 2018 May 18 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://observers.france24.com/en/20180518-iranian-frustrated-coverage-women-futsal- team. 40 FIFA 16 [Internet]. Electronic Arts Inc.; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.easports.com/fifa/women. 41 Sports and recreation [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Government.ae; 2019 Mar 04 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.government.ae/en/about-the- uae/culture/sports-and-recreation. 42 UAE government launches 3 initiatives to promote wellbeing [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Ministry of Cabinet Affairs and The Future; 2019 Nov 27 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.mocaf.gov.ae/en/media/news/uae-government-launches- three-3-to-promote-wellbeing. 43 Ministry of Education announces a brand new Physical and Health Education reform in the UAE [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Ministry of Education (AE); 2017 Jan 30 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.moe.gov.ae/En/MediaCenter/News/pages/sport.aspx 44 School Jiu-Jitsu program [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: UAE Jiu Jitsu Federation; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://uaejjf.com/en/Pages/School-Jiu-Jitsu- Program.aspx. 45 The 7th edition of School Olympics Programme [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Ministry of Education (AE); 2019 Apr 20 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.moe.gov.ae/En/MediaCenter/News/Pages/schoololympics7.aspx. 46 Dubai World Trade Center L.L.C. High Five [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Dubai World Trade Center L.L.C; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. 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Women in the United Arab Emirates: A portrait of progress [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Ministry of State for Federal National Council Affairs [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.uae- embassy.org/sites/default/files/Women_in_the_UAE_Eng.pdf. 52 International Conference of Sports For Women 2017 (ICSW) [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Ladies Sports Academy; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://fbma.ae/en/events/events-list/international-conference-of-sports-for-women-2017- icsw/. 53 Gomes A. Empowering women through sports [Internet]. Gulf News; 2018 Aug 10 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://gulfnews.com/sport/uae- sport/empowering-women-through-sports-1.2264261. 54 Sports [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Government.ae; 2018 Nov 11 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.government.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies- initiatives-and-awards/awards/Sports. 55 Rizvi A. Rio 2016: History of Emirati female participation at the Olympic Games [Internet]. The National; 2016 July 31 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.thenational.ae/sport/rio-2016-history-of-emirati-female-participation-at-the- olympic-games-1.166001. 56 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Ahmed almaktoum claims UAE's first Olymoic medal [Internet]. International Olympic Committee (IOC); 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.olympic.org/videos/ahmed-almaktoum-claims-uae-s-first-olympic-medal. 57 Kumar A. 2016 Olympics: Toma feels proud on winning medal for UAE [Internet]. Khaleej Times; 2016 Aug 22 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.khaleejtimes.com/2016-olympics-toma-feels-proud-on-winning-medal-for- uae 58 Bridge S. UAE's paralympian team secures sponsorship deal until 2021 [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: ITP Digital Media Inc., Arabian Business; 2018 Aug 8 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. 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Available from https://www.abudhabi2019.org/delegation/so-united-arab-emirates#. 63 Lau E. Watch: UAE coach Houriya Al Taheri on raising the profile of women's football in the Gulf region [Internet]. The National; 2019 Jun 9 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/watch-uae-coach-houriya-al- taheri-on-raising-the-profile-of-women-s-football-in-the-gulf-region-1.872234. 64 Andrews F. Watch: UAE figure skater Zahra Lari on changing history on the ice [Internet]. The National; 2019 May 15 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/watch-uae-figure-skater-zahra-lari-on-changing- history-on-the-ice-1.861837. 65 FBMA development program. United Arab Emirates: Ladies Sports Academy; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://fbma.ae/en/programs/fbma- development-program/. 66 Al Nowais S. Emirati women make great strides in sports participation [Internet]. The National; 2017 Nov 6 [cited 2019 Jun 20. Available from https://www.thenational.ae/uae/government/emirati-women-make-great-strides-in-sports- participation-1.673540. 67 FBMA group fitness certification [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Ladies Sports Academy; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.fbma.ae/education/certified-programs/fbma-group-fitness-certification/. 68 Dajani H. Rugby too 'rough' and girls should instead study cooking, says UAE council member [Internet]. The National; 2018 Nov 20 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.thenational.ae/uae/education/rugby-too-rough-and-girls- should-instead-study-cooking-says-uae-council-member-1.793919. @_dawrena [Internet]. United Arab Emirates: Instagram; 2018 Dec 17 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.instagram.com/p/BrejAUwn0rF/?igshid=1lbvl1uwbqv7wa. 70 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Agenda 2020 [Internet]. International Olympic Committee; 2014 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://stillmed.olympic.org/ Documents/Olympic_Agenda_2020/Olympic_Agenda_2020-20-20_Recommendations-ENG.pdf. 71 Lauper C. Cyndi Lauper - Girls just want to have fun (Official Video) [Internet]. YouTube; 2009 Oct 25 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIb6AZdTr-A. ; La sociedad global ha visto a las mujeres como naturalmente débiles, impotentes y dependientes de los hombres durante muchos años. Históricamente, falsos mitos médicos, tales como el desarrollo de cuerpos masculinos y no femeninos, efectos nocivos sobre el ciclo menstrual y el perjuicio del embarazo de mujeres que participan en actividades deportivas, se esparcieron y desalentaron la participación del género femenino en todas partes del mundo y de manera muy impactante, en los países del Golfo1. En este artículo, se utilizó la metodología de Análisis de Escenario recomendada por Spaniol y Rowland2, que se define como el análisis del proceso en un escenario futuro considerando otros posibles resultados de la sociedad en el presente. La Visión 2021 de los Emiratos Ãrabes Unidos (EAU) fue desarrollada para convertir a la nación entre los mejores países del mundo por el Jubileo de Oro desde su origen. Esta visión fue utilizada para desarrollar análisis con los métodos PESTLE, SWOT y CATWOE para complementar la descripción del escenario. La discusión giró en torno al compromiso general de mujeres representando a la comunidad musulmana en el sector deportivo, con gran foco en la escena deportiva de los EAU. Además, se discutieron las perspectivas del gobierno de los Emiratos Ãrabes Unidos sobre las mujeres en los deportes y las diferentes estrategias y reformas adoptadas por el gobierno local para promover la participación de las mujeres en el deporte. Como conclusión, es posible encontrar un cambio de comportamiento en la sociedad contemporánea local que refleja en más oportunidades futuras para las mujeres en el deporte, aunque existen muchas barreras y preconceptos. Referencias 1 Myths surrounding gender and sports [Internet]. Kentucky: Northern Kentucky University [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.nku.edu/~lipping/PHE125/ Myths%20Surrounding%20Gender%20and%20S ports.doc. 2 Rowland NJ, Spaniol MJ, Public understanding of futures & foresight science: A reply to Chermack's response. Futures & Foresight Science. 2019; 1(2): 1-3. 3 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Statistic [Internet]. International Olympic Committee; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. Available from https://www.olympic.org/women-in-sport/background/statistics. 4 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Promotion of women in sport through time [Internet]. International Olympic Committee (IOC); 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 20]. 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Historicamente, falsos mitos médicos, tais como o desenvolvimento de corpos masculinos e não femininos, efeitos nocivos sobre o ciclo menstrual e o prejuízo da gravidez de mulheres que participam de atividades esportivas, se espalharam e desencorajaram a participação ativa do gênero feminino em todas as partes do mundo e de maneira bem impactante, nos países do Golfo1. Neste artigo, utilizou-se a metodologia de Análise de Cenário recomendada por Spaniol e Rowland2, que se define como a análise do processo em um cenário futuro considerando outros possíveis resultados da sociedade no presente. A Visão 2021 dos Emirados Ãrabes Unidos (EAU) foi desenvolvida para converter a nação entre os melhores países do mundo em seu Jubileu de Ouro. Esta visão foi utilizada para realizar as análises com os métodos PESTLE, SWOT e CATWOE para complementar a descrição do cenário. 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Background Public health recommendations and government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced restrictions on daily-living. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey (ECLB-COVID19) was launched on April 6, 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing. Methods The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online-survey-platform and was promoted by thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western-Asia and the Americas. All participants were asked for their mental wellbeing (SWEMWS) and depressive symptoms (SMFQ) with regard to "during" and "before" home confinement. Results Analysis was conducted on the first 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%). The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on both mental-wellbeing and on mood and feelings. Specifically, a significant decrease (p < .001 and Delta% = 9.4%) in total score of the SWEMWS questionnaire was noted. More individuals (+12.89%) reported a low mental wellbeing "during" compared to "before" home confinement. Furthermore, results from the mood and feelings questionnaire showed a significant increase by 44.9% (p < .001) in SMFQ total score with more people (+10%) showing depressive symptoms "during" compared to "before" home confinement. Conclusion The ECLB-COVID19 survey revealed an increased psychosocial strain triggered by the home confinement. To mitigate this high risk of mental disorders and to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle (AHCL), a crisis-oriented interdisciplinary intervention is urgently needed.

Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have enforced numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation, and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to mitigate spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on psychosocial health is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020 to elucidate the behavioral and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the preliminary results from more than one thousand responders on social participation and life satisfaction. Methods: Thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia, and the Americas promoted the survey through their networks to the general society, in 7 languages (English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, and Slovenian). Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "before" and "during" confinement conditions. Results: 1047 participations (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%), and others (3%) were included in the analysis. Findings revealed psychosocial strain during the enforced COVID-19 home confinement. Large decreases (p < 0.001) in the amount of social activity through family (−58%), friends/neighbors (−44.9%), or entertainment (−46.7%) were triggered by the enforced confinement. These negative effects on social participation were also associated with lower life satisfaction (−30.5%) during the confinement period. Conversely, the social contact score through digital technologies significantly increased (p < 0.001) during the confinement period with more individuals (+24.8%) being socially connected through digital technology. Conclusion: These preliminary findings elucidate the risk of psychosocial strain during the early COVID-19 home confinement period in 2020. Therefore, in order to mitigate the negative psychosocial effects of home confinement, implementation of national ...

Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have enforced numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation, and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to mitigate spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on psychosocial health is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020 to elucidate the behavioral and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the preliminary results from more than one thousand responders on social participation and life satisfaction. Methods: Thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia, and the Americas promoted the survey through their networks to the general society, in 7 languages (English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, and Slovenian). Questions were presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "before" and "during" confinement conditions. Results: 1047 participations (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%), and others (3%) were included in the analysis. Findings revealed psychosocial strain during the enforced COVID-19 home confinement. Large decreases (p<0.001) in the amount of social activity through family (-58%), friends/neighbors (-44.9%), or entertainment (-46.7%) were triggered by the enforced confinement. These negative effects on social participation were also associated with lower life satisfaction (-30.5%) during the confinement period. Conversely, the social contact score through digital technologies significantly increased (p<0.001) during the confinement period with more individuals (+24.8%) being socially connected through digital technology. Conclusion: These preliminary findings elucidate the risk of psychosocial strain during the early COVID-19 home confinement period in 2020. Therefore, in order to mitigate the negative psychosocial effects of home confinement, implementation of national ...

Background Public health recommendations and government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have enforced restrictions on daily-living. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey (ECLB-COVID19) was launched on April 6, 2020 in seven languages to elucidate the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and emotional wellbeing. Methods The ECLB-COVID19 electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists, following a structured review of the literature. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online-survey-platform and was promoted by thirty-five research organizations from Europe, North-Africa, Western-Asia and the Americas. All participants were asked for their mental wellbeing (SWEMWS) and depressive symptoms (SMFQ) with regard to "during" and "before" home confinement. Results Analysis was conducted on the first 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%). The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on both mental-wellbeing and on mood and feelings. Specifically, a significant decrease (p < .001 and Δ% = 9.4%) in total score of the SWEMWS questionnaire was noted. More individuals (+12.89%) reported a low mental wellbeing "during" compared to "before" home confinement. Furthermore, results from the mood and feelings questionnaire showed a significant increase by 44.9% (p < .001) in SMFQ total score with more people (+10%) showing depressive symptoms "during" compared to "before" home confinement. Conclusion The ECLB-COVID19 survey revealed an increased psychosocial strain triggered by the home confinement. To mitigate this high risk of mental disorders and to foster an Active and Healthy Confinement Lifestyle (AHCL), a crisis-oriented interdisciplinary intervention is urgently needed. ; OVGU-Publikationsfonds 2021