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L'article cherche à évaluer la proposition monétaire effectuée par Blanc et Fabert (2017) pour financer la transition écologique. Il dresse une comparaison avec la monnaie fiscale complémentaire en s'appuyant sur le concept de monnaie publique. L'étude montre que la monnaie locale écologique dispose d'une organisation institutionnelle pertinente pour assurer sa circulation et d'une plus grande légitimité politique. Paradoxalement, les limites inhérentes à cette monnaie sont les raisons de sa réussite. En ne cherchant pas à affecter les grands agrégats monétaires, la création monétaire peut être maîtrisée en fonction des besoins et des conditions économiques et fiscales du territoire.

Ce texte tente de montrer le lien permanent qui existe dans la pensée de François Simiand entre, d'un côté, la théorie des cycles longs, et de l'autre, sa conception monétaire. La question centrale est de voir comment la conception monétaire de cet auteur constitue le fondement théorique de l'ensemble de sa théorie économique. En effet, elle est au fondement de sa typologie économique, le facteur initiant le progrès économique et ce, par le fait d'être un fait social total. A cet effet, nous pourrons aussi affiner le rapport qui existe entre les actions de l'Homme et la monnaie. L'ensemble sera alors mis en relation pour mettre en évidence le lien théorique qui existe entre conception monétaire, théorie des cycles longs et conception de l'homme.

AbstractThis paper puts forth a new pathway to sustainable policy to upscale the transformative power of local complementary currencies. It first reviews the mechanisms by which complementary currencies re-embed monetary circulation within sustainability and biomimetic resilience criteria. It then puts forth a prototype policy pathway whereby private banks swap SDG impact certificates of their complementary currency loans against new reserve assets held at the Central Bank. It finally provides analytical insight on this prototype policy with a a new PK-SFC model comprising 106 accounting and behavioral equations. Simulations show that the prototype policy generates short-lived economic expansion, increases banking stability, and induces structural change through increased systemic capacity for evolution, resilience, and fitness for evolution. We finally discuss the practical implications of our results for sustainability policies.

International audience ; The GM15 community is a bacterial consortium used to generate a novel standardized mouse model with a simplified controlled intestinal microbiota recapitulating the specific opportunistic pathogen-free (SOPF) mouse phenotype and the potential to ensure an increased reproducibility and robustness of preclinical studies by limiting the confounding effect of microbiota composition fluctuation. T he intestinal microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem largely composed of bacteria whose activity greatly impacts the health and diseases of the host (1). Associating mice with stable defined bacterial consortia reduces the complexity of the microbiota and overcomes limitations related to the variability between individuals and animal facilities (2, 3). Therefore, gnotobiotics contribute to standardization and experimental reproducibility and are a powerful tool for testing causality in host-microbiome studies (4-6). Thus, we have developed a simplified mouse microbiota that is representative of the fecal microbiota found in C57BL/6J mice on the functional level and derived a standardized gnotobiotic mouse model called GM15, which has been bred successfully for over eight generations in the gnotobiology unit of BIOASTER. All animal procedures were approved by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESR) and the ANSES/ENVA/UPEC ethics committee (Autorisation de Projet Utilisant des Animaux à des Fins Scientifiques [APAFIS] no. 4529-2016022616404045v3, 785-2015042819315178v2, and 18918-2019020118003843v3) and were conducted in accordance with national French and European legislation on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. We report here the draft genome sequences of 9 bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal microbiota of C57BL/6J specific-opportunistic-pathogen-free (SOPF) mice (Charles River Laboratories, France), 2 bacterial strains isolated from C57BL/6J axenic mice recolonized with feces of the altered Schaedler flora (ASF) mouse model (Taconic, USA), and 4 bacterial strains obtained from the DSMZ collection. Then, the colonization of the axenic C57BL/6J mice with these 15 bacterial isolates resulted in the GM15 mice. Fresh cecal contents and fecal pellets of mice were resuspended (1/10 [wt/vol]) in reduced broth medium for direct dilution plating onto agar plates (same medium as the broth) and growth at 37°C under an anaerobic atmosphere (90% N 2 , 5% H 2 , 5% CO 2). Lactobacillus johnsonii MD006 was isolated on MRS agar. Lactobacillus murinus MD040 and Parabacteroides goldsteinii MD072 were isolated on Columbia nalidixic acid (CNA) agar with 5% sheep blood. Bacteroides acidifaciens MD185 and Lachnospiraceae sp. strain MD308 were isolated on Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM) agar. Bacteroides caecimuris MD237 and Lactobacillus reuteri MD207 were isolated on GAM agar supplemented , respectively, with 32 g/ml vancomycin and 32 g/ml erythromycin. Lachno-spiraceae sp. strains MD335 and MD329 were isolated on M2GSC (modified Med2 of Citation Elie C, Mathieu A, Saliou A, Villain A, Darnaud M, Leulier F, Tamellini A. 2020. Draft genome sequences of 15 bacterial species constituting the stable defined intestinal microbiota of the GM15 gnotobiotic mouse model. Microbiol Resour

International audience ; The GM15 community is a bacterial consortium used to generate a novel standardized mouse model with a simplified controlled intestinal microbiota recapitulating the specific opportunistic pathogen-free (SOPF) mouse phenotype and the potential to ensure an increased reproducibility and robustness of preclinical studies by limiting the confounding effect of microbiota composition fluctuation. T he intestinal microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem largely composed of bacteria whose activity greatly impacts the health and diseases of the host (1). Associating mice with stable defined bacterial consortia reduces the complexity of the microbiota and overcomes limitations related to the variability between individuals and animal facilities (2, 3). Therefore, gnotobiotics contribute to standardization and experimental reproducibility and are a powerful tool for testing causality in host-microbiome studies (4-6). Thus, we have developed a simplified mouse microbiota that is representative of the fecal microbiota found in C57BL/6J mice on the functional level and derived a standardized gnotobiotic mouse model called GM15, which has been bred successfully for over eight generations in the gnotobiology unit of BIOASTER. All animal procedures were approved by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESR) and the ANSES/ENVA/UPEC ethics committee (Autorisation de Projet Utilisant des Animaux à des Fins Scientifiques [APAFIS] no. 4529-2016022616404045v3, 785-2015042819315178v2, and 18918-2019020118003843v3) and were conducted in accordance with national French and European legislation on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. We report here the draft genome sequences of 9 bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal microbiota of C57BL/6J specific-opportunistic-pathogen-free (SOPF) mice (Charles River Laboratories, France), 2 bacterial strains isolated from C57BL/6J axenic mice recolonized with feces of the altered Schaedler flora (ASF) mouse model ...