Suchergebnisse

Role of Organic Aerosol Chemistry Schemes on Particulate Matter Modelling in Europe -- Biogenic Emissions and Urban Air Quality -- Global Simulations of Ice Nuclei Particles Derived from Organics and Inorganics Particles -- Estimating Aerosol Loads and Aerosol-cloud-interaction in the 1980s and Today -- Characterisation of Light-absorbing Particles in the Brussels Sub-urban Atmosphere and Implications for the Emission Scheme of a Regional Chemical Transport Model -- Traffic Emissions 2040 – Impact on Air Quality in Germany -- Biogenic VOC Emission Modelling for Spain: Adaptation of the National Forest Inventory as Input for MEGANv3 -- Alteration of Vehicle Propellant Use and the Impact on CO2 Emissions and NO2 Concentrations in Gothenburg and Mölndal -- Improvements of Chemical Transport Modelling Over the Last 40 Years - a Personal Journey -- Timely Update of Emission Inventories with the Use of Satellite Data -- Modelling Atmospheric Composition in the Summertime Arctic: Transport of North American Biomass Burning Pollutants and their Impact on the Arctic Marine Boundary Layer Clouds -- Effect of Aerosol Nitrate Photolysis on Wintertime Air Quality -- Improved Estimation of Background Ozone and Emission Impacts Using Chemical Transport Modelling and Data Fusion -- Same Model (CAMx6.50), Same Year (2010), Two Different European Projects: How Similar are the Results? -- SMART Modelling Suite: Assessment of the Turbulence Parameterisation for the Simulation of Atmospheric Circulation and Dispersion -- Analysis of the Zero-out Method of Source Apportionment for Air Quality Modelling in Spain -- Spatio-temporal Modelling of Grass and Birch Pollen in Belgium -- Multi-compartment Chemistry Transport Models -- Climate Change Projections for Bulgaria According to RCP45 Scenario Until 2099 -- Interpreting Measurements from Air Quality Sensor Networks: Data Assimilation and Physical Modelling -- Need and Potential Benefits of Improving Aloft Air Pollution Characterization: A Modeling Perspective -- Optimal Interpolation Based Data Fusion Techniques to Improve Deterministic Air Quality Forecast -- Eigenmode-based Parameter Perturbation for Stochastic Chemistry Transport Modeling -- Evolution of the Performance of the Canadian Operational Regional Air Quality Deterministic Prediction System from 2010 to 2019 -- Statistical Methods to Forecast Air Quality in Taipa Ambient and Taipa Residential of Macao -- Impacts of Fine Particulate Matter and Climate Change on Human Health Over Europe - Present and Future Scenarios.

Global and regional change clearly affects the structure and functioning of ecosystems in shelf seas. However, complex interactions within the shelf seas hinder the identification and unambiguous attribution of observed changes to drivers. These include variability in the climate system, in ocean dynamics, in biogeochemistry, and in shelf sea resource exploitation in the widest sense by societies. Observational time series are commonly too short, and resolution, integration time, and complexity of models are often insufficient to unravel natural variability from anthropogenic perturbation. The North Sea is a shelf sea of the North Atlantic and is impacted by virtually all global and regional developments. Natural variability (from interannual to multidecadal time scales) as response to forcing in the North Atlantic is overlain by global trends (sea level, temperature, acidification) and alternating phases of direct human impacts and attempts to remedy those. Human intervention started some 1000 years ago (diking and associated loss of wetlands), expanded to near-coastal parts in the industrial revolution of the mid-19th century (river management, waste disposal in rivers), and greatly accelerated in the mid-1950s (eutrophication, pollution, fisheries). The North Sea is now a heavily regulated shelf sea, yet societal goals (good environmental status versus increased uses), demands for benefits and policies diverge increasingly. Likely, the southern North Sea will be re-zoned as riparian countries dedicate increasing sea space for offshore wind energy generation - with uncertain consequences for the system's environmental status. We review available observational and model data (predominantly from the southeastern North Sea region) to identify and describe effects of natural variability, of secular changes, and of human impacts on the North Sea ecosystem, and outline developments in the next decades in response to environmental legislation, and in response to increased use of shelf sea space