Suchergebnisse

Electronic participatory budgeting is becoming an important element of social consultations. The legal ground for its operation at the municipal level is provided in Article 5a of the Act of municipal self-government. The organisation of participatory budgeting is a manifestation of direct democracy that allows citizens to express their approval or disapproval of the actions taken by local authorities. It also reflects the level of citizen e-participation in public life. In Poland e-participation is still at a developing stage and therefore needs to be further researched in comparative studies. This article is an attempt to determine whether in the largest cities in Poland e-participation is used in voting on city budgets and if the answer if in the affirmative, which e-tools are available and used, and to what extent. By analysing relevant and applicable legislation, the possibility of electronic filing of projects as well as the number of e-voters have been researched. All budgeting processes taking place in Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław and Poznań since 2015, when the project started, have been examined. Citizen participatory budgeting as such started in Poland in 2011. However, the largest cities continue to encounter difficulties in their proper implementation. Resorting to electronic tools has not helped much, what is more, some municipal bodies, for the sake of least complexity, sometimes resign even from the use of electronic signature. If this is the case, a question may be asked about the reason for such poor e-participation of Polish citizens in this one of the few anyway, forms of e-participation available in Poland. ; Electronic participatory budgeting is becoming an important element of social consultations. The legal ground for its operation at the municipal level is provided in Article 5a of the Act of municipal self-government. The organisation of participatory budgeting is a manifestation of direct democracy that allows citizens to express their approval or disapproval of the actions taken by local authorities. It also reflects the level of citizen e-participation in public life. In Poland e-participation is still at a developing stage and therefore needs to be further researched in comparative studies. This article is an attempt to determine whether in the largest cities in Poland e-participation is used in voting on city budgets and if the answer if in the affirmative, which e-tools are available and used, and to what extent. By analysing relevant and applicable legislation, the possibility of electronic filing of projects as well as the number of e-voters have been researched. All budgeting processes taking place in Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław and Poznań since 2015, when the project started, have been examined. Citizen participatory budgeting as such started in Poland in 2011. However, the largest cities continue to encounter difficulties in their proper implementation. Resorting to electronic tools has not helped much, what is more, some municipal bodies, for the sake of least complexity, sometimes resign even from the use of electronic signature. If this is the case, a question may be asked about the reason for such poor e-participation of Polish citizens in this one of the few anyway, forms of e-participation available in Poland.

Elektroniczna demokracja jest jednym z elementów konstytuujących eGovernment. Oznacza ona działania angażujące obywateli w sprawy państwowe za pomocą środków komunikacji elektronicznej. W Polsce trudno znaleźć przykłady takich działań czy to w obszarze eVoting, eEngagement, eControllership, czy eConsultation. Przyczyny takiego stanu rzeczy są różne. Powodem mogą być popełnione i kontynuowane przez ustawodawcę błędy w zakresie siatki pojęciowej dotyczącej eGovernment, jak i tej zastosowanej w aktach prawnych, ale również jakość legislacyjna części z nich. Budzącym najwięcej niepokoju zjawiskiem jest fakt, iż podejmowane już inicjatywy, najczęściej na szczeblu lokalnym, a nie centralnym, cieszą się bardzo małym zainteresowaniem ze strony obywateli, którzy nie darzą zaufaniem organów administracji publicznej świadczących przedmiotowe rozwiązania. Tytułem przykładu przedstawiono rozwiązania lokalne odnoszące się do elektronicznych głosowań oraz rozwiązania centralne odnoszące się do informacji publicznej. Znikomość rozwiązań oraz często ich dyskusyjna jakość powoduje, iż w Polsce trudno mówić o rozwiniętych i ukształtowanych rozwiązaniach w zakresie elektronicznej demokracji. ; One of the elements upon which e-Government is based is electronic democracy. It stands for a broad range of activities engaging citizens in state matters. In Poland, it is difficult to find examples of such activities whether in the area of e-Voting, e-Engagement, e-Controllership, or e-Consultation. This is due to many reasons, one of which may be errors committed by the legislator, and upheld by it, with respect to the conceptual framework related to the e-Government, as well as the conceptual framework used in acts of law, while another reason may be the legislative quality of some of them. The phenomenon which raises the highest concern, however, is the fact that the initiatives that are undertaken, usually at local, not central, level, arouse very little interest among citizens, who do not trust public administrative authorities providing the solutions to question. By way of illustration, the paper presents local solutions related to electronic voting, and central solutions related to public information. Due to the scarcity of solutions and their often questionable quality, it is hard to say that in Poland electronic democracy solutions are well developed and shaped.

Electronic participatory budgeting is becoming an important element of social consultations. The legal ground for its operation at the municipal level is provided in Article 5a of the Act of municipal self-government. The organisation of participatory budgeting is a manifestation of direct democracy that allows citizens to express their approval or disapproval of the actions taken by local authorities. It also reflects the level of citizen e-participation in public life. In Poland e-participation is still at a developing stage and therefore needs to be further researched in comparative studies. This article is an attempt to determine whether in the largest cities in Poland e-participation is used in voting on city budgets and if the answer if in the affirmative, which e-tools are available and used, and to what extent. By analysing relevant and applicable legislation, the possibility of electronic filing of projects as well as the number of e-voters have been researched. All budgeting processes taking place in Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław and Poznań since 2015, when the project started, have been examined. Citizen participatory budgeting as such started in Poland in 2011. However, the largest cities continue to encounter difficulties in their proper implementation. Resorting to electronic tools has not helped much, what is more, some municipal bodies, for the sake of least complexity, sometimes resign even from the use of electronic signature. If this is the case, a question may be asked about the reason for such poor e-participation of Polish citizens in this one of the few anyway, forms of e-participation available in Poland. ; 1 ; 13 ; 129 ; 147 ; 6 ; Studia Prawa Publicznego

The article deals with the problem of computerization of business registers from the point of view of legal acts introduced into the current Polish legal system. The authors in their considerations focus on the presentation of doubts and legal issues related to the computerization of the two most important business registers: CEIDG and the National Court Register. First and foremost, the program documents relating to the development of the information society were analyzed. In addition, the authors also referred to the key – from the potential entrepreneur's point of view – issues related to the functioning of the ePUAP trusted profile, the CEIDG computerization and the S24 Portal connected with the registration procedure of commercial law companies.