Suchergebnisse

part, Part I -- chapter 1 Natural Deviation -- chapter 2 Correction and Appreciation -- chapter 3 Pathology and Diversity -- chapter 4 Simplicity and Complexity -- part, Part II -- chapter 5 Affinity -- chapter 6 Affiliation -- chapter 7 Signification.

Because of tensions inherent in the modern position of youth, they have been vulnerable to a variety of deviant patterns. These deviant patterns manifest a spirit of rebelliousness and have taken three major forms in Amer ican life: delinquency, radicalism, and Bohemianism. Each has been a subterranean tradition of American youth. The subterranean tradition of delinquency, which is guided by a Celebration of prowess, manifests a spirit of adventure, disdain of work, and aggression. The delinquent enterprise consists primarily of victimization and status offenses. Radicalism is guided by an apocalyptic vision, populism, and evangelism. The radical enterprise consists of mundane political activity that, to its participants, seems extraordinary as a result of unconventional definitions of politics. The Bohemian tradi tion and beat, its modern manifestation, are committed to romanticism, expressive authenticity, and monasticism. Be cause of the importance of expressive authenticity, Bohemi anism has taken two major paths, friviolous and morose. The Bohemian enterprise consists of two interrelated features, unconventional art and unconventional personal experience. While only a small proportion of youth participates in any of these traditions, many more are vulnerable. That more do not participate and that many who do participate return to conventional life seem related to the existence of conven tional versions of these traditions.

Because of tensions inherent in the modern position of youth, they have been vulnerable to a variety of deviant patterns. These patterns manifest a spirit of rebelliousness & have taken 3 major forms in US life: delinquency, radicalism & Bohemianism Each has been a subterranean tradition of US youth. The subterranean tradition of delinquency, guided by a celebration of prowess, manifests a spirit of adventure, disdain of work & aggression. The delinquent enterprise consists primarily of victimization & status offenses. Radicalism is guided by an apocalyptic vision, populism, & evangelism. The radical enterprise consists of mundane pol'al activity that to its participants seems extraordinary as a result of unconventional definitions of politics. The Bohemian tradition &beat, its modern manifestation, are committed to romanticism, expressive authenticity & monasticism. Because of the importance of expressive authenticity, Bohemianism has taken 2 major paths, frivolous & morose. The Bohemian enterprise consists of 2 interrelated features, unconventional art &unconventional personal experience. While only a small proportion of youth participates in any of these traditions, many more are vulnerable. That more do not participate & many who do participate return to conventional life seems related to the existence of conventional versions of these traditions. AA.

"Becoming Deviant describes a process by which people move from an affinity for certain prohibited behaviors to full-blown deviance. This process includes affiliation with circles and settings that include or sponsor offenses, followed by understanding and identification of the offenses as prohibited behavior by the transgressor. The process can be summarized as affinity, affiliation, and signification. The sequential process Matza describes allows for non-recurrent offending behavior, recidivism, and offending again. His perspective is motivated by the view that criminological theories do not explain a number of the fundamental empirical features and nuances known to be associated with delinquency. This includes the frequent termination of delinquent behavior at the onset of adulthood, the often conformist nature of delinquent behavior, and the large numbers of non-delinquents that are often found in otherwise "high-delinquency areas." In Becoming Deviant Matza reasons that most, though not all, delinquent behavior constitutes relatively uniform phenomena that is developmental in character. Individuals proceed from trivial to more serious infractions. He argues that delinquent behavior represents youths searching for adventure and is accompanied by withdrawal from conventional values and associated behavior. Matza further claims that many delinquents are not fully committed to a delinquent lifestyle, and this explains why delinquent behavior often ends with adulthood. Matza's compelling and integrated theoretical explanation makes this a classic in the increasingly sophisticated criminological literature. Thomas Blomberg's new introduction shows why Becoming Deviant remains of central importance to the field."--Provided by publisher

Este artigo apresenta evidências que sugerem que os delinqüentes geralmente não aprovam a delinqüência. Eles se envolvem na delinqüência por meio do emprego de certas "técnicas de neutralização". Embora eles acreditem que a delinqüência seja má, eles pretendem que seus atos são justificáveis por diferentes tipos de razões. Estas justificativas são utilizadas antes do ato delinqüente, fazendo com que este seja possível pela neutralização da crença dos indivíduos que eles são ruins. PALAVRAS CHAVE: delinqüência, aprendizagem, justificativas morais, crenças, técnicas de neutralização. TECHNIQUES OF NEUTRALIZATION: a delinquency theory Gresham M. Sykes David Matza This article presents evidences that suggest that criminals do not usually approve of delinquency. They end in the delinquency through certain "neutralization techniques". Although they believe delinquency is bad, they say that their actions are justifiable for different types of reasons. These justifications are used before the deliquent action, making it possible by the neutralization of the individuals' beliefs that they are bad. WORDS KEY: delinquency, learning, moral justifications, beliefs, neutralization techniques. TECHNIQUES DE NEUTRALISATION: une théorie de la délinquance Gresham M. Sykes David Matza Cet article met en évidence des éléments qui indiquent qu'en général les délinquants ne sont pas pour la délinquance. Ils entrent dans la délinquance en utilisant certaines "techniques de neutralisation". Même s'ils croient que la délinquance est mauvaise, ils prétendent que leurs actes sont justifiables pour diverses raisons. Ces justifications sont utilisées avant les actes de déliquance, permettant ainsi que celles-ci soient utilisées pour neutraliser l'idée des gens qu'ils sont mauvais. MOTS-CLÉS: délinquance, apprentissage, justifications morales, croyances, techniques de neutralisation. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br