Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- Bonded labour in South Asia and the Kamaiya system in Nepal -- The setting; far-West Nepal and the two field sites -- Bodies, consumption and health after freedom -- Work, education and mobility after freedom -- Relationships and families after freedom -- Conclusion

South Asia is the region with the highest number of slaves globally according to the Global Slavery Index. Bonded labour affects between 15 and 20 million labourers within the region, and is shaped by locally specific interconnections between ethnicity, class, caste and, critically, gender structures. Masculinity and Modern Slavery in Nepal explores the role of masculinity in shaping the structures and experience of slavery and subsequent freedom. While many I/NGOs and human rights organisations use freedom from slavery as a powerful and emotive goal, the lived reality of freedom for many bonded labourers often results in disappointment and frustration as they navigate diverse expectations of masculinity. Taking Nepal as a case study, the book illustrates how men's gendered experiences of bondedness and freedom can inform perspectives on the transition to freedom and modernity in South Asia more broadly. Researchers of modern slavery, gender studies, and South Asian studies will be interested in the rich analysis on offer in this book.

Until now, wages in prison and the meanings associated with them have been relatively overlooked within penology. This study analyses findings from a research project conducted between 2019 and 2021 that explores multiple meanings attached to prisoner wages. Through the analysis of 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with a cohort of purposely selected people in custody across three prisons in Scotland, this study provides unique and rich insights into prison wages. Themes analysed include comments relating to wage rates and what emerges as a particularly tenuous link between wages within and outside prison. Receiving a weekly wage close to the hourly UK minimum wage was seen as an integral part of the life in prison and compounded feelings of detachment to life outside of prison. Our findings also indicate that sentiments associated with prison wages are significantly shaped by pre-prison experience of wages. The impact of imprisonment in relation to prison wages are stratified by income, given the differences in experience related to pre-prison employment and wage levels. Our paper also situates prison wages within a wider context through engaging with Foucault's notion of 'artifice' which served to develop an understanding of the logic behind the low levels of remuneration for prison work. Our study has relevance in all prison jurisdictions where people in custody receive wages significantly less than local minimum wage legislation or sectoral tariffs would normally dictate.

AbstractDespite the fact that over recent years, imprisonment in Scotland has adopted a bold and aspirational policy direction including proposed reforms to the role of the prison officer, there has been little research into prison officers in Scotland, and by extension, the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) as an organisation. This article offers a unique empirical insight into prison officer recruits and evolving prison officer cultures, by longitudinally tracking 31 prison officer recruits over training and early working experience. The article provides an in‐depth perspective on prison officer recruits' views and experiences, and it also makes a contribution to the emerging area of research of the SPS through a focus on organisational change and reform. Finally, it incorporates, and further develops, a body of literature on penality and the penal state by interrogating the tensions between policy and practice within the context of the Scottish penal system.

1. Introduction -- PART I: Prison Officer Interpretations and Performances of Power and Authority -- 2. The moral value of authority: Reflections on the work of prison officers -- 3. Ukrainian prison officers and their power -- 4. French prison officers' legal socialization: 'The law, yes; prisoners' rights, no' -- 5. Proxy governance in (post) colonial prisons: When prison officers delegate power to prisoners -- PART II: Prison Officer Identities and Workplace Cultures -- 6. Dirty work and beyond: Representations of Prison Officers in Prison Films -- 7. "It's a very clannish type of job": Entitativity and identity in prison officers' occupational cultures and identities -- 8. 'Friendly but not friends' or 'Never trust the bastards'? Staff-prisoner interaction styles in Australia and Norway. 9. "It is important to be a prison officer and have trade union back up": Exploring trade union membership within the Scottish Prison Service -- 10. The prison officer in post-soviet Russia -- PART III: Implications of Prison Policy and Management for the Role of Prison Officers -- 11. "Prison officers should be treated fairly": Perceptions and experiences of fairness among prison officers in Ghana -- 12. Do risk-reducing measures only reduce risk? Prison officer work with risk-reducing measures in the imprisonment of a high-risk prisoner -- 13. Farewell to exceptionalism: An analysis of Swedish prisons officers' attitudes towards prison policy, organisation, and their occupational role in 2009 and 2019 -- 14. The role of prison officers in transforming prisoners' lives in Hong Kong -- 15. Locating Prison Officers in the prison reforms discourse: Insights from India -- PART IV: Working Conditions and Prison Officer Well-Being -- 16. The well-being of correctional officers in Canada -- 17. Fear and perceived risk among correctional officers -- 18. Prison Officers and their Work Routine in Brazilian Prisons -- 19. Conclusion: Towards a new research agenda to analyse the contemporary prison officer role.

The current article is part of a unique comparative study of the experiences and adjustment of 190 incarcerated young men in both Scotland and Canada. In collecting data on the participants' lives, the authors learned of the multiple traumas and losses many of them had suffered. Many participants however seemed to adhere to a prison masculinity that may constrain help-seeking behavior. Ultimately, this article analyses the levels of trauma that exists in a population of incarcerated young men within the context and alongside of the masculine ideals they appeared to adhere to. This article advocates for gender-responsive trauma-informed care for incarcerated young men that incorporates an exploration and understanding of masculine identity and how it interacts with help-seeking and trauma recovery.

Between 2015 and 2019, 41 throughcare support officers (TSOs) supported people serving short sentences leaving custody across 11 Scottish Prison Service establishments. The role of prison officers in the provision of throughcare in the community was an innovation in Scotland and represents a new approach to the long-standing challenges around supporting reintegration from custody. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with 20 TSOs, this article examines their reflections on their role, bringing attention for the first time to the front-line perspectives of those involved in this novel approach to throughcare. TSO's reflections revealed their growing awareness of the 'pains of desistance' and the challenges around reintegration, insights which had not been apparent to them in their prior work as officers working only in prison. The community 'place' of the TSO work also enabled a renewed awareness of the limits of rehabilitation within a prison and their own institutionalization after years of working in the custodial environment.

The criminal justice system in Scotland is in many ways distinct from criminal justice systems both within the UK and Europe, which is reflected in the institutions, processes and experiences for those whose lives are affected by it. Within this context, the Scottish Prison Service (SPS) is an Executive Agency of the Scottish Government which was established in April 1993. Since having been established, a wide range of research has been undertaken on and about the SPS throughout the prison estate that illustrates aspects of the distinct nature of imprisonment in Scotland.