Suchergebnisse

This chapter gives an original response to one of the central questions asked in this book: to what extent does the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) impact domestic political and legal systems and what are its implications? More specifically, how might the CJEU increase the impact of its rulings and legal mandates in national judiciaries and legal systems? This question is crucial if we understand that national courts are the key decentralised enforcers of the European Union (EU) law responsible for ensuring the effectiveness of EU law and the rulings and mandates imposed by the Court. EU scholars have already offered several legalist and institutionalist responses to why national courts participate in this process of legal integration in the EU and, most importantly, why the follow the mandates and rulings from the CJEU. This chapter innovates in this regard by introducing trust between judges as a new mechanism for enhancing the cooperation and compliance by national courts with the CJEU jurisprudence and EU legal mandates. The chapter describes the conditions under which national judges trust the CJEU to identify how the Court can promote trust in its role as a supreme adjudicator in the EU law system.

AbstractThis article aims to highlight the relevance of judicial trust in international courts, focusing on national judges' trust in the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). EU scholars have put a great deal of effort into explaining how legal and political factors affect the use of preliminary references by national courts. However, there is still a gap in the literature on the development of trust as a functional principle encouraging co‐operation between national and international courts. This article explores the nature, causes and potentials of judicial trust for the EU judicial system. A theory is offered in the article, which links national judges' trust in the CJEU to their corporatist identification and profile, to their attitudes towards the EU, and to their beliefs about the CJEU's ability to provide decisions that: 1) offer a clear guidance on European Union law, and 2) will not undermine Member States' legal order.

Publication based on research carried out in the framework of the European Union Democracy Observatory (EUDO) of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las bases del modelo de universidad pública surgido de las condiciones de la transición a la democracia y su relación con las políticas de reforma que se han sucedido desde entonces. El método empleado parte del análisis de la normativa legal junto a los debates parlamentarios, estudios e informes que durante el trámite legislativo y tras su puesta en práctica fueron elaborados por distintos organismos, además de diversas investigaciones, monografías y artículos científicos, prensa escrita y otros medios de comunicación. Las principales fuentes son de carácter legal y documental, haciendo uso de los testimonios recogidos en entrevistas realizadas a algunos responsables de la gestión de la vida universitaria. La conclusión principal es que la aplicación de la esencia de la democracia en el desarrollo de los principios de libertad y autonomía reconocidos en la Constitución española de 1978 en la universidad es válida para sus modelos de gobierno, pero necesita desarrollar sistemas capaces de garantizar la eficiencia en la gestión del conocimiento y en la toma de decisiones, que de acuerdo al ordenamiento constitucional permita transformarlas en instituciones de referencia capaces de garantizar la mejor formación, generación y aplicación del conocimiento como bases del futuro. ; This research aims at determining the basis of the model of public University emerged from the conditions of the transition to democracy and its relationship with the reform policies that have occurred since then. The method used is based on the analysis of the legislation along with the parliamentary debates, studies and reports that during the legislative procedure, and after its implementation, were carried out by various agencies. In addition to research, monographs and scientific articles, newspapers and other media were utilized. The main sources derive from legal and documentary nature, making use of the testimonies collected in interviews proposed to some responsibles for the management of University life. The application of the essence of democracy for the development of the ideas of freedom and autonomy recognized in the Spanish Constitution of 1978 at University as valid for their models of Government is the relevant conclusion; in addition, it needs to develop systems capable of ensuring efficiency in the management of the knowledge and in the decision-making. According to the constitutional system it could allow to transform them into institutions capable of ensuring the best training, the generation and application of knowledge as a basis for the future.

Las relaciones de dependencia entre el desarrollo de la ciencia, la estructura económica y los modelos de formación profesional son el objeto de este trabajo. Hacemos uso de los sistemas de ideas que sobre la ciencia y la tecnología han desarrollado la teoría económica y las disciplinas humanísticas. Desde ellas investigamos el contexto europeo en el que surge el sistema alemán de formación profesional y los hechos históricos más determinantes que contribuyeron a su creación. Damos cuenta de las bases legales y de la evolución normativa del modelo de Estado federal. Estudiamos su sistema educativo y las instituciones y modalidades donde se ubica la formación profesional y de la evolución a partir de su legislación. También del papel que diferentes instituciones –políticas, sociales y económicas– desempeñan en su desarrollo y regulación. El objetivo es valorar el lugar de la ciencia y la implicación de las empresas en la formación y en el contacto con la realidad de la tecnología por medio de su compromiso y participación responsable en el sistema educativo para mantener actualizado, en mutuo interés, el contenido y su estructura. ; The relationships of dependency between the development of science, economic structure and models of vocational training are the subject of this study. We make use of the ideas that over science and technology have developed the economic theory and the humanistic disciplines. From them it is investigated the European context in which the German system of vocational training emerges and the historical facts more determinants that contributed to its creation. We account for the legal bases and the normative evolution of the Federal State model. We study their educational systems and the institutions and modalities where evolution and professional training is located from their legislation. We also account for the role that different institutions –political, social and economic– they play in their development and regulation. The objective is to assess the place of science and the involvement of enterprises in training and in contact with the reality of the technology through its commitment and responsible participation in the educational system to keep updated, on mutual interest, the content and its structure.

The aim of this article is to bring together different legal, political science and sociological perspectives addressing the problem of Europeanization of national judiciaries. In that sense, this article provides an overview of several old aspects regarding the way and extent national courts/judges adapted to their role of European judges. Next to that, it is looked into the manner of and reasons behind judges' involvement in the process of EU legal integration, whereby a new research agenda is offered. For that purpose, new questions are raised and different empirical aspects are discussed concerning, for instance, courts compliance with EU law, the relevance of national judges' individual profiles (knowledge, attitudes and values) but also the role of institutions (networks) and legal systems in the process of Europeanization of judges.