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Abstract
Partnerships in policing are commonplace approaches to reduce crime and disorder problems across most parts of the world. Police forge partnerships with businesses, government agencies, and communities to co-produce public safety, usually cooperatively but sometimes using coercion. The co-production approach to crime control permeates all levels of law enforcement from tackling complex corporate crimes to reducing the flow of drugs to street-level markets. In this paper, I draw from the Global Policing Database (GPD) and the final stage of the search and screening from a systematic review of third-party policing (TPP) interventions to analyse 29 unique TPP interventions in 36 studies described across 45 documents. Each of the 29 unique TPP interventions depicts different types of partnerships and how they work to reduce crime and disorder. Partnerships are grouped along two continuums: the number and complexity of partners involved and the level and type of engagement. Some partnerships in policing are extremely complex involving multiple agencies, whereas others are dyadic. The type of engagement between partners also varies: some partnerships are collaborative, guided by memorandums of understanding, and motivated by mutual need for crime control solutions. Other partnerships are more coercive and dictated through legislated mandates and forceful measures. In this paper, I examine the range of partnerships evident within the review and offer insights into how those partnerships work to tackle different types of problems.

Abstract
The ability of a police officer to elicit case-relevant information from a witness, victim, or suspect of a crime is a fundamental component of policing capability. The skills required to conduct an effective interview are not innate requiring police officers to be formally trained. The structural design, teaching, and assessment methods employed in the delivery of investigative interviewing training are assumed to directly impact a trainee's level of engagement and level of interviewing knowledge and skills acquired. This paper uses a qualitative case study approach to observe how core investigative interviewing skills are acquired through formal training. Our findings suggest a relationship between the adult learning construct adopted, the levels of learner engagement generated, and the achievement of desired learning outcomes. Our findings will inform future designs of investigative interviewing training that seek to maximize both learning outcomes and returns on resource investments.

"Drawing on unique longitudinal community-level data in Brisbane, this book entwines current ecological theories of crime with key debates on the relevance of 'community' in contemporary urban life to examine the spatial and temporal relationships between community structure, community social capital, informal social control and the occurrence of crime and disorder. Crime and Disorder in Community Context extends what is known about the concentration of crime in particular types of places, presenting a broad reaching explication of how community structural characteristics, community regulatory processes and crime influence each other over time. It looks at how growing levels of ethnic diversity, income inequality and increasing immigrant concentrations at the community level influence processes necessary for the regulation of crime; the crime control processes for various crime problems in different types of communities; the extent that exogenous shocks, like the 2011 Brisbane flood disaster and the global financial crisis impact on crime, crime prevention and crime control; and engages readers with the methodological complexities associated with the longitudinal study of crime and disorder in contemporary urban communities. An accessible and compelling read, this will appeal to students and scholars of criminology, sociology, geography, cultural studies and all those interested in the relationship between crime and community"--

Abstract
The invariance thesis of police legitimacy argues that, regardless of individual differences, the more citizens perceive police as procedurally just and effective, the more they will see the police as a legitimate authority. Research primarily undertaken in the USA shows support for the invariance thesis with some nuanced findings for victims and those with prior police contact. This study conducts a partial replication and extension of the Wolfe et al.'s study (Wolfe, S., Nix, J., Kaminski, R., and Rojek, J. (2016). 'Is the Effect of Procedural Justice on Police Legitimacy Invariant? Testing the Generality of Procedural Justice and Competing Antecedents of Legitimacy.' Journal of Quantitative Criminology 32(2): 253–282) testing the invariance thesis, comparing the effects of citizen perceptions of procedural justice (PJ) and police effectiveness (PE) on perceptions of police legitimacy across individual characteristics in Australia. Using a survey of 4,167 residents across 148 communities, we find the effects of PJ perceptions on police legitimacy are largely invariant across individual differences. Yet contrary to previous research, our study finds that the impact of PE perceptions is not invariant and particularly matter for people with visible minority status.