Suchergebnisse

The EU GDPR Regulation introduced rules and regulations on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of their personal data regardless of their citizenship or place of residence. The article focuses on issues related directly to the regulation on the protection of personal data and related to documents that regulate the protection of personal data and their processing in public institutions in Poland. The author presents basic estimates about the entry of the GDPR Regulation, indicates the importance of individual Dobies/organisations and entities playing a key role in the protection of personal data on the territory of Poland. It describes the documents that establish minimum standards for personal data protection systems to be developed in public institutions to guarantee security. In this article, the author attempted to indicate the scope and nature of changes in personal data systems in the light of the provisions of the GDPR Regulation.

The main goal of this study is the verification of a hypothesis/idea of centralized personalization during Polish electoral campaigns. Because of its goal and implemented methodology, such research project is unique among research presented in scientific literature thus far. The work has a descriptive character; it is congruent with treatments from the field of political communication, combining approaches of communicology and political science, in that it expresses an attempt to include in the analysis the circumstances of election campaign personalization and factors specific to mediacentric and political -scientific perspectives, as well as because of the fact of recognizing media content in political party communication. Election communication research includes six Polish parliamentary elections from the years 1993—2001. Along with an analysis of communiqué contents, published in information media, as well as communiqué prepared by political subjects contending in the elections, basic analysis methods within the study are historical-comparative and statistical data analyses. The specific objectives of the treatment are: — Description of circumstances of the political communication personalization thesis on the level of mediatization of politics and political campaign professionalization theories; — Analysis of the trend occurrence and characteristics of the electoral campaign personalization trend based on empirical research conducted in western-European parliamentary democracies; — Recognition of conditions of electoral campaign personalization in parliamentary elections in Poland; — Analysis of the trend occurrence and characteristics of media personalization in Polish electoral campaigns based on opinion-forming press research; — Analysis of the trend occurrence and characteristics of strategic personalization in Polish electoral campaigns based on political TV advertisement research.

Professionalisation of election campaigns, treated as one of the aspects of modernization, is characterized by the convergence and standardization of practices and concepts used by political organizations. This process is mainly determined by American innovations and is frequently adjusted to suit local institutional and cultural conditions. An analysis of the professionalisation process of the US presidential campaign in 2008 shows a continuation of previously identified trends, with their common denominator being mediatisation and political marketing. Campaign activity intensified and the effectiveness of reaching potential voters in selected groups by political parties and candidates (targeting) greatly improved, as did the effectiveness of shaping the image of the candidates (popcultural trend in positioning). The most innovative element was the use of new media, mainly the Internet. Significant stimulation of the flow of information about the campaign can be attributed to online activities (especially to the phenomenon of social networking and activity on YouTube); they have also caused a greater involvement especially among the youngest group of voters, which translated into effective fundraising for campaigns and a greater mobilization of the electorate.

USA presidential campaign in 2008. Modernization and professionalisation of electoral campaigns Professionalisation of electoral campaigns, treated as one of aspects of modernization, is characterized by convergence and standardization of practices and concepts used by political organizations. This process is mainly determined by American innovations, most frequently adjusted to suit local institutional and cultural conditions. The analysis of the professionalisation process of the USA presidential campaign in 2008 proves continuation of the tendencies identified before, with their common denominator of mediatisation and political marketing. First of all, the activities were intensified and effectiveness improved in reaching by the political parties / candidates the potential voters belonging to selected groups (targeting) and the shaping of image of the candidates (popcultural trend in positioning). The most innovative element was the usage of new media, primarily taking advantage of the potential of the Internet. Significant stimulation of the flow of information about the campaign can be attributed to online activites (especially to the phenomenon of social networking sites and activity on YouTube); they have also caused greater involvement especially in the youngest group of voters, which translated into effectiveness of fundraising for campaigns and greater mobilization of the electorate.

The research on the information media coverage of elections deals with a concept of strategic game framing. Despite the major importance of the media in elections, there are few systematic research on the media framing in Poland. Using a content analysis of two television news programmes, the goal of the study was to evaluate the frequency of strategic game framing in comparison with issue framing and to test the hypothesis about the relationship between application of the frames and different ownership types in the media (public vs private). The findings show a key role of strategic game framing in the news programmes covering European Parliamentary elections and Parliamentary elections of 2019 in Poland and refute the hypothesis that ownership type of media predicts the frequency of analysed frames.

The article discusses the problem of the evolution of audiovisual political advertising in Polish parliamentary campaigns in the years 2005–2019, taking a closer look at the presentation of programmatic issues, centralized personalization, and the rhetorical functions of spots. The content analysis of the election spots results in a fairly unchanged marketing standard of election offers, appropriate for all parties (regardless of their size), expressing an attempt to combine sensitivity to important voters' needs with an extensive symbolic layer, emotionally engaging for image purposes. In most spots, the emphasis on psychological and social benefits at the expense of functional (economic) benefits prevails. The change in campaigns concerns only the increase in the importance of appeals attacking political opponents. However, their role remains secondary, regardless of the party's position on the political market.