Suchergebnisse

A study to test the hypothesis that the 'agricultural research establishment' is a set of loosely related organizations-some complementary, some competitive-which are complexly intermingled with the 'publics' they serve. Agricultural research has its origins in two acts of Congress passed in 1862: (1) The Morrill Act which established state land grant Us, & (2) the act which established the Dept of Agriculture. Since that time, the principal actors in agricultural research have been (A) the funder of research, eg, federal & state governments, private industry, & foundations, (B) the spenders & brokers of research funds, eg, the National Science Foundation, U, & private research firms, & (C) the network of public & private organizations which have interests in agricultural research. The result of this morass of competitive components is a disjointed whole influenced by myriad special interest groups. Instead of a unified program among related organizations, annual budget matters are influenced at the macro & project levels while 'the bureaucratic superstructure which separates the two levels goes along unchanged. As such, the establishment is largely impervious to political manipulation in the short run. At the same time as the totality of the establishment is politically protected, specific interest can materially influence micro priorities which over time slowly alter the total.' M. Cain.

This second volume of the two-volume set presents several different approaches to modeling the effects of the outcome of the Doha negotiations, and investigates why these (and other) modeling efforts produce such divergent results. By comparing and contrasting these approaches, it helps readers develop a clearer understanding of the mechanics and implications of modeling techniques, and also guides them in interpreting the relevance and accuracy of the plethora of news reports on different models.

Agricultural trade, always a source of international friction, will remain a contentious issue in the years to come. The GATT agreement achieved only partial trade liberalization; recognizing this, the agreement calls for a continuation of the negotiation process to achieve the long-run goal of a substantial reduction in agricultural support and protection. In any case, it is clear that U.S.-European Union (EU) agricultural trade relations will remain central to any future negotiation. In this volume, leading experts present a comprehensive set of analyses of the U.S.-EU agricultural trade conflict. The discussions provide a unique perspective on the U.S.-EU agricultural trade confrontation in recent years and offer insights into both the final GATT agreement and forthcoming agricultural issues. Presenting a broad historical context, the book focuses on changes in U.S. and European trade and agricultural policies, looking at the implications of these changes for bilateral relations and global agricultural markets. Providing U.S., EU, and third-party perspectives, the contributors analyze the negotiation process in the Uruguay Round of the GATT. Finally, the book explores several additional dimensions of the U.S.-EU agricultural trade conflict, including the consequences of the EU integration and enlargement processes, the environmental impact of the Union's agricultural policies, and the mechanisms and forces that determine agricultural policy formation in both the United States and in Europe

Agricultural trade, always a source of international friction, will remain a contentious issue in the years to come. The GATT agreement achieved only partial trade liberalization; recognizing this, the agreement calls for a continuation of the negotiation process to achieve the long-run goal of a substantial reduction in agricultural support and protection. In any case, it is clear that U.S.-European Union (EU) agricultural trade relations will remain central to any future negotiation. In this volume, leading experts present a comprehensive set of analyses of the U.S.-EU agricultural trade conflict. The discussions provide a unique perspective on the U.S.-EU agricultural trade confrontation in recent years and offer insights into both the final GATT agreement and forthcoming agricultural issues. Presenting a broad historical context, the book focuses on changes in U.S. and European trade and agricultural policies, looking at the implications of these changes for bilateral relations and global agricultural markets. Providing U.S., EU, and third-party perspectives, the contributors analyze the negotiation process in the Uruguay Round of the GATT. Finally, the book explores several additional dimensions of the U.S.-EU agricultural trade conflict, including the consequences of the EU integration and enlargement processes, the environmental impact of the Union's agricultural policies, and the mechanisms and forces that determine agricultural policy formation in both the United States and in Europe.

Agricultural Policy Reform and the WTO provides insights into the effects of the Uruguay Round WTO agreement on agricultural policy and global markets, and considers what is at stake in the Doha Development Agenda Round. The contributors to the book deal with a broad range of topics, including the evolution of domestic and trade policies in the last ten years across developed and developing countries and proposals made in the agricultural negotiation regarding market access, export subsidies and domestic support; new issues emergent in agricultural trade negotiations are also explored, including: * interaction between national regulatory systems and the deepening integration of the international trade regime * intellectual property rights protection * food safety * quality regulations * antidumping trade protection. Finally, the future of international trade relations is discussed, in particular the implications of enforcing domestic regulations to comply with international rules. This rich collection of research and analysis will be invaluable to researchers, academics and policymakers with an interest in agricultural policy analysis and international economics

Cover title. ; "Prepared under Research Agreement #58-3522-4-00299"--P. iii. ; "January 1991"--P. iii. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-73). ; Mode of access: Internet.