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The Palgrave Handbook of the History of Human Sciences offers a uniquely comprehensive and global overview of the evolution of ideas, concepts and policies within the human sciences. Drawn from histories of the social and psychological sciences, anthropology, the history and philosophy of science, and the history of ideas, this collection analyses the health and welfare of populations, evidence of the changing nature of our local communities, cities, societies or global movements, and studies the way our humanness or 'human nature' undergoes shifts because of broader technological shifts or patterns of living. This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference to a vast source of representative scholarly work in interdisciplinary fields, a means of understanding patterns of social change and the conduct of institutions, as well as the histories of these 'ways of knowing' probe the contexts, circumstances and conditions which underpin continuity and change in the way we count, analyse and understand ourselves in our different social worlds. It reflects a critical scholarly interest in both traditional and emerging concerns on the relations between the biological and social sciences, and between these and changes and continuities in societies and conducts, as 21st century research moves into new intellectual and geographic territories, more diverse fields and global problematics.

Section 1 Defining the human sciences -- Critique and the history of theory -- Enlightenment and Modernity -- Self / Personhood -- Conduct -- Intellectual fields: science and culture -- Human sciences and the order of things -- Section 2 Categories in history of human sciences -- Ideas and Politics -- Humanities -- Literary criticism -- Psy-practices -- Cultural and historical geography -- Genealogy/history of the present -- Power and resistance -- Section 3 Contextual factors -- The civilizing process -- Histories of legal theory -- On histories of time -- Culture and Consumption -- History of science/cultural hegemony -- Science and imperialism -- Prejudice in post-colonial Europe -- Post-colonial penalty -- Section 4 Anthropology, ethnography and ethnology -- Habitus: Mauss and Bourdieu -- Human sciences and biology -- Historicity and ethnography in Japan -- Ethnology and psychology -- Histories of anthropology -- East Timor and European Anthropology -- Anthropological history of the early 21st century -- Genealogies of the social sketch -- Section 5 Archaeology and ethnoarchaeology -- History and Indigenous cultural artefacts -- Section 6 Historical Sociology -- History of sociology -- Social histories of knowledge -- Norbert Elias and Marcel Mauss -- History, politics and power -- Sociology of crowds -- The sociology of knowledge -- Knowledge society -- On the appearance of autism -- Section 7 Governing Individuals and Societies -- The State and self-governing individuals -- Globalisation and the individual -- Rationalities of rule -- Sovereignty, and powers of life and death -- Exceptionalism and authoritarianism -- Governing Science -- Section 8 Psychology -- Current debates in the history of psychology -- Community psychology and decolonising practices -- Psychology and science -- Psychopathy -- Psychology and commerce -- White psychology -- Section 9 Psychiatry -- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 -- Transcultural psychiatry -- Psychotherapy -- Psychoanalysis -- Eugenics and science in Peru -- Therapeutic culture and authenticity -- Section 10 Identity -- Constructing human and social subjects -- Making up people -- Indigeneity -- Childhood and Normality.

Incarceration of children is rising rapidly throughout of Australia, with indigenous children most at risk of imprisonment. Indigenous and non-indigenous children have been subject to detention in both welfare and justice systems in Australian states and territories since colonization. Countless governments and human rights enquiries have attempted to address the problem of the increasing criminalization of children, with little success. David McCallum traces the history of 'problem children' over several decades, demonstrating that the categories of neglected and offending children are both linked to similar kinds of governing. Institutions and encampments have historically played a significant role in contributing to the social problems of today. This book also takes a theoretical perspective, tracking parallel developments within the human sciences of childhood and theories of race. Applying a social theoretical analysis of these events and the changing rationalities of governing, McCallum challenges our assumptions about how law and governance of children leads to their criminalization and incarceration

Aboriginal Australians experience trauma that is linked to continuing colonising practices in the present, and which are also reproduced throughout the more than 230 years of colonisation. Intergeneration trauma intersects with the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the welfare and justice systems. This paper examines evidence of the relations between trauma and colonialising practices imposed on Indigenous peoples, as past and present conditions leading to intergenerational trauma. Historical and present-day conditions affecting Aboriginal children and families are shown to set in place the conditions producing trauma over time.

Much contemporary social and historical research on problem children and families focuses on the different kinds of power deployed in a complex of legal and non-legal settings. This article reviews socio-legal studies in Europe, Australia and the UK, and additional archival evidence in Victoria, Australia, in relation to a shift towards positivist and 'welfarist' approaches to the problem of child criminality and family regulation from the turn of the 20th century. The aim is to assess the applicability for Australia of trends in European social theory that emphasize non-coercive, non-legal correction of families, a productive rather than repressive form of power which incites families to seek to align their conduct to social norms. The article argues that 'coercive normalization' - systems of knowing and acting upon children and families arising from the penal system and images of threat - is a significant presence in the complex of power relations that make up a genealogy of family and child regulation in Australia.

This article explores continuities of despotism within liberal governance. It introduces recent government investments in the need to protect children from institutional and organisational abuse in the context of which loss of innocence is conceptualised as a moment in a biography, following exposure to violence. The article contrasts those investments with contemporaneous claims by the state that as other-than-innocent, certain children in its care are legitimately exempted from moral-ethical norms embedded elsewhere in the logic of governing childhood proper. The article turns to historical understandings of the welfare of children in the state of Victoria, Australia, to explore the conditions and the means by which children in state care came to be figured as other-than-innocent exceptions, rightly exposed to forms of authoritarian violence. Loss of innocence is explored as an enduring achievement of government in the context of aspirations to do with population, territory and national security.

This article explores continuities of despotism within liberal governance. It introduces recent government investments in the need to protect children from institutional and organisational abuse in the context of which loss of innocence is conceptualised as a moment in a biography, following exposure to violence. The article contrasts those investments with contemporaneous claims by the state that as other-than-innocent, certain children in its care are legitimately exempted from moral-ethical norms embedded elsewhere in the logic of governing childhood proper. The article turns to historical understandings of the welfare of children in the state of Victoria, Australia, to explore the conditions and the means by which children in state care came to be figured as other-than-innocent exceptions, rightly exposed to forms of authoritarian violence. Loss of innocence is explored as an enduring achievement of government in the context of aspirations to do with population, territory and national security.