Right place, right time: serendipity and informal job matching
In: Socio-economic review, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 307-331
ISSN: 1475-147X
13 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Socio-economic review, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 307-331
ISSN: 1475-147X
There is nothing quite like money to divide families, friends, or the High Court it seems. Pape v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation, the third case in which the High Court has directly considered the constitutional basis of the federal Executive's general capacity to spend money, has, on the one hand, provided important clarification as to the basis of the power, but on the other has again given rise to a multiplicity of reasoning between the justices of the Court as to the exact breadth of the power. The Court accepted a more limited basis for the spending power than had previously been assumed by many in Government. This conclusion serves to highlight the importance of the breadth of the other heads of Commonwealth power for the Commonwealth's ability to engage in spending activities. ; Gabrielle J. Appleby and Stephen McDonald
BASE
In: Journal for studies in economics and econometrics: SEE, Band 26, Heft 1, S. 1-16
ISSN: 0379-6205
In: The political quarterly: PQ, Band 58, Heft Oct-Dec 87
ISSN: 0032-3179
Social demographic changes are easily exaggerated as the cause of Labour's electoral failures--other factors must be taken into account, such as levels of union membership. (DCL)
In: Journal for studies in economics and econometrics: SEE, Band 22, Heft 1, S. 91-114
ISSN: 0379-6205
In: Disaster prevention and management: an international journal, Band 2, Heft 1
ISSN: 1758-6100
Describes a unique experiment in safety management which has led to
a significant improvement in the safety performance of work groups at
the smelter of INCO Ltd in Sudbury, Canada.
In: Journal of marine engineering & technology, Band 6, Heft 2, S. 3-15
ISSN: 2056-8487
n-of-1 studies test hypotheses within individuals based on repeated measurement of variables within the individual over time. Intra-individual effects may differ from those found in between-participant studies. Using examples from a systematic review of n-of-1 studies in health behaviour research, this article provides a state of the art overview of the use of n-of-1 methods, organised according to key methodological considerations related to n-of-1 design and analysis, and describes future challenges and opportunities. A comprehensive search strategy (PROSPERO:CRD42014007258) was used to identify articles published between 2000 and 2016, reporting observational or interventional n-of-1 studies with health behaviour outcomes. Thirty-nine articles were identified which reported on n-of-1 observational designs and a range of n-of-1 interventional designs, including AB, ABA, ABABA, alternating treatments, n-of-1 randomised controlled trial, multiple baseline and changing criterion designs. Behaviours measured included treatment adherence, physical activity, drug/alcohol use, sleep, smoking and eating behaviour. Descriptive, visual or statistical analyses were used. We identify scope and opportunities for using n-of-1 methods to answer key questions in health behaviour research. n-of-1 methods provide the tools needed to help advance theoretical knowledge and personalise/tailor health behaviour interventions to individuals. ; This work was part of the LiveWell programme. LiveWell was supported by the Lifelong Health and Wellbeing initiative (LLHW), under Grant number G0900686. The LLHW initiative is a funding collaboration between the UK Research Councils and Health Departments. The funding partners are: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates, National Institute for Health Research /The Department of Health, The Health and Social Care Research & Development of the Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), and Wales Office of Research and Development for Health and Social Care, Welsh Assembly Government.
BASE
Primary objective: Social cognition underlies social skills and can be disrupted in numerous developmental and acquired brain disorders during childhood and adolescence. Despite this, there are few tools to assess social cognition clinically in this age group. This study examined adolescent performance on The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), a valid measure of social cognition in adults. Design: Cross-sectional design examining performance on Parts 1, 2 and 3 of TASIT (and alternate forms) in Australian girls and boys with varying levels of English familiarity. Methods: 665 schoolchildren from private and government schools were administered TASIT subtests. Of these, 464 students aged 13-15 were selected to provide normative data. Scores from a further 97 provided information about the effects of lack of English familiarity. Results: The two Forms of TASIT were statistically equivalent for two of the three parts. Adolescents performed lower than adults, although the differences were not large. Some incremental effects were seen for chronological age. Gender effects were apparent on all subtests. Lack of English familiarity (i.e., English not spoken at home) reduced scores a further 6-13% relative to high English proficiency. Conclusions: TASIT appears to be suitable for adolescents. Norms are best aggregated across ages in adolescence and stratified according to gender.
BASE
In: Reproductive sciences: RS : the official journal of the Society for Reproductive Investigation, Band 18, Heft 3, S. 261-268
ISSN: 1933-7205
In: Hole , B , Evans , K , Pyart , R , Davids , R , Gonzalez Bedat , M C , Jager , K J , McDonald , S , Pisoni , R , Rosa Diez , G , Saran , R & Caskey , F 2019 , ' Establishing Registries for Kidney Health Advocacy ' , The International Society of Nephrology's World Congress of Nephrology , Melbourne , Australia , 12/04/19 - 15/04/19 .
Background The ISN has stressed the need for integrated worldwide renal care. Registries will play a vital role by defining disease burden, monitoring treatment and outcomes, but vary in coverage and structure. This study describes the current scope and technical aspects of international renal registries. Methods The ISN established 'Sharing Expertise to support the set-up of Renal Registries' (SharE-RR) to support countries developing a registry (www.theisn.org/advocacy/share-rr). Surveys were developed to collect geographical and modality coverage as well models of data collection, technical, governance and funding information from national and international registries (SurveyMonkey, English language only). Piloting and iterative development was undertaken with 6 registries in 3 continents. In 2018 the survey was emailed to 126 contacts provided by members from the African, Australian and New Zealand, ERA-EDTA, Latin American and United States renal registries. Surveys were administered in batches with up to 5 reminders sent to non-responders. Respondents were asked to forward the survey to other registries covering renal replacement therapy in their country, where appropriate. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel. National/regional survey results •91 contacts responded from 85 registries in 78 countries and 6 countries without established registries (72% response rate) •Of these 85 registries: •73 (86%) had national coverage •12 (14%) covered a region only Adults [Figure 1] •84 (99%) registries reported coverage of adults receiving haemodialysis (HD) •78 (92%) peritoneal dialysis (PD) •63 (74%) kidney transplant (Tx) •60 (71%) registries covered all three modalities and 5 (6%) covered just one Children •64 (75%) reported coverage of children receiving HD •56 (66%) PD •51 (60%) Tx Chronic/acute kidney disease •19 (22%) reported coverage of chronic kidney disease •8 (9%) acute kidney injury Data collection •44 (52%) registries used web-forms to assimilate data •31 (36%) paper-based •24 (28%) email •19 (22%) direct extraction from clinical systems •14 (16%) a secured data line •4 (5%) billing data •39 (46%) used a mixture Economy •46 (54%) responses were from high-income economies, 25 (29%) from upper-middle and 13 (15%) from lower-middle economies. Burundi was the sole low-income country •51% of the world's high-income countries, 46% of higher-middle, 28% of lower-middle and 5% of low-income countries reported a registry Funding •45 registries (53%) declared funding direct from government (61% of high-income, 48% of upper middle-income, 38% of lower middle-income and 0% of low-income responders) •Overall, 39 (46%) registries reported government as their main source of funding •Professional bodies/societies were the main funder for 18 (21%) registries and provided funding to 26 (31%) registries •7 registries (8%) reported no funding Conclusion The 2018 SharE-RR survey highlights international inequality in the ability to monitor access to, quality and outcomes of renal care. The most comprehensive registries are found in higher-income nations, which are more likely to receive government support. Scarce evidence of registry activity was found in low-income economies. Collection of data relating to individuals not receiving dialysis is rare, which precludes estimation of true disease burden. Paediatric coverage seems less complete than for adults, though the survey may not have reached all registries. Developing renal registries in resource constrained economies is critical to developing effective preventative, renal-replacement and supportive care services. The SharE-RR project has been developed to make progress in this vital area.
BASE
Background Humans are by nature a social species, with much of human experience spent in social interaction. Unsurprisingly, social functioning is crucial to well-being and quality of life across the lifespan. While early intervention for social problems appears promising, our ability to identify the specific impairments underlying their social problems (eg, social communication) is restricted by a dearth of accurate, ecologically valid and comprehensive child-direct assessment tools. Current tools are largely limited to parent and teacher ratings scales, which may identify social dysfunction, but not its underlying cause, or adult-based experimental tools, which lack age-appropriate norms. The present study describes the development and standardisation of Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships, and Socialisation (PEERS®), an iPad-based social skills assessment tool. Methods The PEERS project is a cross-sectional study involving two groups: (1) a normative group, recruited from early childhood, primary and secondary schools across metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia; and (2) a clinical group, ascertained from outpatient services at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne (RCH). The project aims to establish normative data for PEERS®, a novel and comprehensive app-delivered child-direct measure of social skills for children and youth. The project involves recruiting and assessing 1000 children aged 4.0-17.11 years. Assessments consist of an intellectual screen, PEERS® subtests, and PEERS-Q, a self-report questionnaire of social skills. Parents and teachers also complete questionnaires relating to participants' social skills. Main analyses will comprise regression-based continuous norming, factor analysis and psychometric analysis of PEERS® and PEERS-Q. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained through the RCH Human Research Ethics Committee (34046), the Victorian Government Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (002318), and Catholic Education Melbourne (2166). Findings will be disseminated through international conferences and peer-reviewed journals. Following standardisation of PEERS®, the tool will be made commercially available.
BASE
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
BASE