Suchergebnisse

The importance of social relationships at work has long been recognized in the social sciences. Interest in this topic has been renewed through scholarly and popular discussions of social capital as well as recent innovations in network data collection and analysis. These developments have allowed researchers to ask a variety of new questions about the role of networks in the world of work and a multitude of approaches to answering those questions. While several monographs have been written on issues related to networks and work, none has simultaneously brought together the range of approaches used to explore this topic. Furthermore, this volume is the first to merge this focus on networks and work with a sociological perspective on inequality. Specifically, the chapters illuminate the processes by which social networks in work organizations can effectively generate, sustain and ameliorate social inequalities across individuals, firms, and occupational fields. In doing so, this volume offers valuable insights that inform researchers and policy makers alike regarding issues of workplace discrimination, diversity and innovation

The importance of social relationships at work has long been recognized in the social sciences. Interest in this topic has been renewed through scholarly and popular discussions of social capital as well as recent innovations in network data collection and analysis. These developments have allowed researchers to ask a variety of new questions about the role of networks in the world of work and a multitude of approaches to answering those questions. While several monographs have been written on issues related to networks and work, none has simultaneously brought together the range of approaches used to explore this topic. Furthermore, this volume is the first to merge this focus on networks and work with a sociological perspective on inequality. Specifically, the chapters illuminate the processes by which social networks in work organizations can effectively generate, sustain and ameliorate social inequalities across individuals, firms, and occupational fields. In doing so, this volume offers valuable insights that inform researchers and policy makers alike regarding issues of workplace discrimination, diversity and innovation.

Chance is a prominent feature in the processes by which people become aware of job openings, yet current theories-which emphasize the instrumental job search activities of workers-do not provide a framework for understanding the unsolicited receipt of job leads. The concept of serendipity is discussed as a way to understand the role that chance plays in informal job finding. Interviews with 42 workers in an engineering firm reveal that job information often comes from unlikely sources in unexpected situations. Moreover, nationally representative survey data are used to assess the non-random experience of serendipity, finding that personal, contextual and relational characteristics structure the unsolicited receipt of job leads. The results from this mixed methods approach help to supplement the current theories of job matching and offer a promising research agenda for future investigations of the conditions under which serendipitous job finding is likely to occur. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractAustralia's national living guidelines for COVID‐19 were launched in April 2020 and include over 200 recommendations to guide the clinical care of patients with COVID‐19. Until the guidelines were retired in August 2023, new evidence was continually monitored through daily surveillance. This paper describes the initial design for evidence surveillance (at a time when efforts to collate information on the novel coronavirus were in their infancy and often duplicative) and how it was refined throughout the pandemic. Among the wide range of sources monitored, the collections of COVID‐19 research from leading medical journals, medRxiv preprints and PubMed auto alerts proved the most enduring in identifying time‐critical and impactful evidence. The paper also explores how evidence was tracked and surveillance integrated into the overall evidence workflow by using messaging apps and communication platforms. Finally, we consider the implications for living guidelines and reflect on factors that contributed to the feasibility of daily surveillance: the clearly defined scope of the guidelines; focusing efforts on maximum impact; minimizing duplication by partnering with others; setting up simple but effective processes for managing evidence; and the value of continuous involvement of personnel from the outset. Australia's living COVID‐19 guidelines were underpinned by a novel approach to evidence surveillance that was feasible and essential in maintaining COVID‐19 living guidelines for over 3 years.

The shift toward "networked work" in the United States—spurred on by globalization, technological changes, and the reorganization of work activities—has important consequences for job quality that require further investigation. Using nationally representative data from the 2008 Networked Worker Survey, we examine how teamwork, telework, and information and communication technology use are associated with, and positively and significantly predict, job decision latitude (autonomy and skill development). The results imply that networked work helps enhance job decision latitude partly through greater network connectivity (social capital). Furthermore, the contribution of information and communication technology use to job decision latitude is contingent on its perceived benefits and on the organization of work into teams. These findings therefore help deepen our understanding of how the changing character of work affects worker control in contemporary workplaces.

Abstract: One of the most distinctive elements of Burundi's transition is the extent to which national leaders have embraced the importance of leadership training as a key to reconciliation and good governance. Indeed, Burundi may be the first case of a country just emerging from conflict in which key leaders have integrated into their peace process a national training program explicitly designed to rebuild their capacity to work effectively together in advancing their country's postwar reconstruction. This essay examines the goals and methods of the Burundi Leadership Training Program (BLTP).