Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Reconstructing resettlers' and refugees' livelihoods -- Refugees and resettlers: theoretical considerations -- Risks, safeguards, and reconstruction: a model for population displacement and resettlement -- "Successful" refugee settlement: are past experiences relevant? -- Land loss and land-based relocation -- Risks associated with landlessness: an exploration toward socially friendly displacement and resettlement -- From joblessness to re-employment -- Homelessness and home reconstruction -- Alebu: Eritrean refugees return and restore their livelihoods -- From marginalization to re-inclusion -- From marginalization to sharing the project benefits -- Regaining food security and overcoming health risks -- From corn to cotton: changing indicators of food security among resettled Vasavas -- Food security in refuge and return: some aspects of entitlements, markets, and modalities -- Regaining and securing access to common property resources -- The effects of resettlement on access to common property resources -- Toward social re-articulation -- Postconflict reconstruction in Azerbaijan: a user's perspective on social assessment and stakeholder consultation -- The creation of community: well- being without wealth in an urban Greek refugee locality -- Social re-articulation after resettlement: observing the Beles Valley scheme in Ethiopia -- Social re-articulation and community regeneration among resettled displacees -- General Bibliography.

Abstract
Background Chiari malformations, usually congenital, can rarely be associated with arteriovenous (AV) fistulas. We present the first case involving a type IV dural AV fistula with a Chiari type I malformation.
Methods Retrospective chart review was performed to obtain pertinent details regarding history and examination, pathologic findings, and treatment course.
Results A 63-year-old woman with a 2-year history of migraines presented with 5 months of occipital, right-sided headaches and neck pain exacerbated by Valsalva maneuvers. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed a possible right occipital AV malformation, bilateral cerebellar subdural hygromas, and tonsillar crowding at the foramen magnum indicating an acquired Chiari type I malformation. Angiography demonstrated a Cognardtype IV right posterior occipital dural AV fistula supplied by bilateral middle meningeal and posterior meningeal arteries.
Conclusion After treatment of the dural AV fistula, hygroma evacuation, and decompression of the acquired Chiari malformation, the patient's Valsalva-induced headaches abated.