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Cervical spinal injuries are a significant concern in all trauma injuries. Recent military conflicts have demonstrated the substantial risk of spinal injury for the modern warfighter. Finite element models used to investigate injury mechanisms often fail to examine the effects of variation in geometry or material properties on mechanical behavior. The goals of this study were to model geometric variation for a set of cervical spines, to extend this model to a parametric finite element model, and, as a first step, to validate the parametric model against experimental data for low-loading conditions. Individual finite element models were created using cervical spine (C3–T1) computed tomography data for five male cadavers. Statistical shape modeling (SSM) was used to generate a parametric finite element model incorporating variability of spine geometry, and soft-tissue material property variation was also included. The probabilistic loading response of the parametric model was determined under flexion-extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending and validated by comparison to experimental data. Based on qualitative and quantitative comparison of the experimental loading response and model simulations, we suggest that the model performs adequately under relatively low-level loading conditions in multiple loading directions. In conclusion, SSM methods coupled with finite element analyses within a probabilistic framework, along with the ability to statistically validate the overall model performance, provide innovative and important steps toward describing the differences in vertebral morphology, spinal curvature, and variation in material properties. We suggest that these methods, with additional investigation and validation under injurious loading conditions, will lead to understanding and mitigating the risks of injury in the spine and other musculoskeletal structures.

Background: Poor insight is associated with negative attitudes to involuntary admission and care in qualitative studies. Aims: The current paper aims to examine and compare retrospective qualitative perceptions of service-users in relation to their involuntary admission with their levels of clinical insight, using a mixed methods approach. Methods: Forty two participants were assessed 3 months after the revocation of their involuntary admission. Each provided qualitative data relating to their perceptions of the coercive care process, which was analysed using content analysis, along with a quantitative measurement of insight, the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight-Expanded (SAI-E). Employing a mixed methods design and incorporating NVivo matrix coding queries, the datasets were merged to enable qualitative themes to be identified against the quantitative data. Results: Differences were observed between those with high and low insight in terms of their understanding of the need for treatment, their levels of arousal at the time of admission and how they perceived the compassion of health professionals. Certain negative perceptions of care appeared more universal and were common across those with high and low insight. Conclusion: Some negative perceptions of coercive practices appear linked to inherent elements of psychotic illness such as unawareness of illness. Individuals with higher levels of insight tended to perceive their involuntary admission and receiving a diagnosis as beneficial. Negative views that persist amongst service users with high insight levels can highlight areas for successful service improvement, including increased emphasis on non-pharmacotherapy based supports during the coercive care process.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There is also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There is also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There is also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There are also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There are also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There are also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There are also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There are also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There are also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.

This collection contains papers relating to the Duane family and families related to the Duane family. The majority of the collection concerns the papers of James Duane, a prominent New York lawyer, patriot, and land developer. There are also a substantial number of papers relating to Duane's son, James Chatham Duane, a lawyer of Duanesburg and Schenectady, and of his son-in-law George William Featherstonhaugh. The collection also includes a substantial number of papers, largely correspondence, relating to other Duane family members, predominantly William North Duane Jr., great-great-grandson of James Duane, his mother Anne Dalliba Duane, and others. ; James Duane (1733-1797) also known as James the Jurist, was the son of Irishman Anthony Duane, who came to New York as an officer in the British Navy in 1698. After his father's death (ca. 1734), Duane became the ward of Robert Livingston. Duane fell in love with and married Livingston's daughter Mary in 1759. He took the bar and made a number of profitable real estate investments and was a prominent lawyer by the time of the American Revolution. He was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of New York, the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention, served as mayor of the city of New York from 1794-1789, and as a U.S. District judge from 1789-1794. James Chatham Duane (1770-1842), son of James Duane, was a lawyer in Schenectady, New York. He married Marianne Bowers, daughter of Henry Bowers of New York City. Duane spent his life working on the development of the Duane estate at Duanesburg, both political changes, industrial unrest, financial panics, and anti-rent riots combined to decrease his holdings drastically.