Daytime Compared With Nighttime Differences in Management and Outcomes of Postpartum Hemorrhage
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether postpartum hemorrhage management or subsequent morbidity differs based on whether delivery occurred during the day or night. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational obstetric cohort of more than 115,000 mother-baby pairs from 25 hospitals (2008–2011). This analysis included women delivering singleton or twin births who experienced postpartum hemorrhage (estimated blood loss [EBL] >500cc for vaginal delivery, EBL >1000cc for cesarean delivery, or documented treatment for postpartum hemorrhage). Nighttime delivery was defined as that occurring between 8pm and 6am. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal morbidity (death, hysterectomy, intensive care unit admission, transfusion, or unanticipated procedure for bleeding). Secondary outcomes included EBL, uterotonic use, and procedures to treat bleeding that occurred during the postpartum hospitalization. Multivariable logistic, linear, quantile, and multinomial regression models were used to assess associations between nighttime delivery and outcomes, adjusting for potential patient-level confounders and hospital as a fixed effect. RESULTS: In total, 2,709 (34.2%) of 7,917 women with postpartum hemorrhage delivered at night. Women who delivered at night were younger, had a lower body mass index, and were more likely to have government-sponsored insurance, be nulliparous, have hypertension, use neuraxial analgesia, and deliver vaginally. After adjusting for potential confounders, the primary composite outcome of maternal morbidity was similar regardless of night vs. day delivery (15.5% night vs. 17.5% day; aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.77–1.03). Some secondary outcomes, including mean EBL, frequency of uterotonic use, and time from delivery to first uterotonic dose differed on unadjusted analyses but, these associations did not persist in multivariable analysis. The study had limited power to assess differences in uncommon outcomes. CONCLUSION: Nighttime delivery was not associated with significant ...