Suchergebnisse

Part OnePoliticizing Health: Overview of How Oppression is a Social Determinant of Health --Oppression: A Social Determinant of Health /Elizabeth A. McGibbon --People and Planet Under Threat: Social, Ecological, and Structural Determinants of Health /Elizabeth McGibbon --Raising the Volume on the Social Determinants or Health in Canada and Elsewhere /Dennis Raphael --Part Two:Oppressions in the Everyday: How Oppression Operates to Promote and Sustain Health Inequities --Racialization of Oppression /Josephine E. Etowa and Elizabeth McGibbon --Oppression and the Health of Indigenous Peoples /Marie Battiste & James [Sa'ke'j] Youngblood Henderson --Social Exclusion as a Determinant of Health /Grace-Edward Galabuzi --Oppression and Im/migrant Health in Canada /Denise Spitzer and Sara Torres --Politics of Mental Health: Pathologizing the Impacts of Systemic Oppression /Elizabeth McGibbon --Part Three: Imperatives for Structural Change: Belling the Cat --Redistributive Politics and Public Policy /Toba Bryant --Obsessed by Profits: Big Pharma and the Corruption of Health /Joel Lexchin --Aboriginal Peoples' Constitutional Right to Health /James [Sa'ke'j] Youngblood Henderson --Oppression and the Political Economy of Health Inequities /Elizabeth McGibbon and Lars Hallstrom --Health, Human Rights and the Social Determinants of Health /Elizabeth McGibbon and Maureen Shebib --COVID-19: Oppressions Laid Bare /Scott Aquano, Toba Bryant, Joesphine B. Etowa, Joel Lexchin, Elizabeth McGibbon, Dennis Raphael, Denise L. Spitzer, and Sara Torres.

This Invited Commentary focuses on a brief summary of how structural determinants of health (DoH) are framed in nursing and how a focus on the political economy of health can support identifying and addressing the ideological drivers of the structural DoH. Structural determinants focus on the politics and histories of enduring root causes of preventable injustices. There is a nascent literature in nursing regarding the structural DoH, which includes policy and governance processes, interlocking systems of oppression and discrimination, and social and economic structures that contribute to forces of power inherent in financial, legal, and governmental systems and policies. However, it is also crucially important to name and analyze their root ideological foundations because this is the space where structural change must be targeted. Various ideologies, intentionally or unintentionally, drive policy, politics, institutional governance and decision-making, and so on. The political economy of health is a foundational field that supports identifying these ideological drivers of the structural DoH. The invited commentary concludes with reflections and recommendations for nursing.

Front Cover -- Untitled -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Further Reading -- Glossary -- References -- Copyright Acknowledgements -- Index -- Back Cover.

There is increasing urgency to enact critical perspectives in the profession of nursing, with a resurgence of the political, a deliberative focus on social change, and a growing uneasiness with remaining neutral in the face of such pressing need. This analysis starts with a brief overview of critical perspectives, underscoring nursing's complex positioning at the interface of witnessing peoples' suffering, and the structural change necessary to address its root causes. Although witnessing may imply watching, or even bystanding, here it refers to historical and cultural meanings of witnessing as standing alongside in solidarity and action throughout the struggle for justice—bearing witness as a moral and a political obligation. Moral bystanding is described as a foundational barrier to achieving the moral imperative of critical perspectives. We conclude with pathways for cultivating and enacting a critical gaze, and a call for moral courage to systematically integrate critical perspectives in nursing. Throughout the discussion, we draw upon the work of nurse ethicists to provide important links about enacting critical perspectives as part of the moral foundation of nursing. Our intention is not to provide an analysis of the moral contexts of nursing, but rather to situate critical perspectives within the moral territory of social change, synthesizing key ideas that have direct salience for critical social justice in nursing.
Keywords: critical perspectives in nursing, critical social justice in nursing, moral bystanding, social change

There is increasing urgency to enact critical perspectives in the profession of nursing, with a resurgence of the political, a deliberative focus on social change, and a growing uneasiness with remaining neutral in the face of such pressing need. This analysis starts with a brief overview of critical perspectives, underscoring nursing's complex positioning at the interface of witnessing peoples' suffering, and the structural change necessary to address its root causes. Although witnessing may imply watching, or even bystanding, here it refers to historical and cultural meanings of witnessing as standing alongside in solidarity and action throughout the struggle for justice—bearing witness as a moral and a political obligation. Moral bystanding is described as a foundational barrier to achieving the moral imperative of critical perspectives. We conclude with pathways for cultivating and enacting a critical gaze, and a call for moral courage to systematically integrate critical perspectives in nursing. Throughout the discussion, we draw upon the work of nurse ethicists to provide important links about enacting critical perspectives as part of the moral foundation of nursing. Our intention is not to provide an analysis of the moral contexts of nursing, but rather to situate critical perspectives within the moral territory of social change, synthesizing key ideas that have direct salience for critical social justice in nursing. Keywords: critical perspectives in nursing, critical social justice in nursing, moral bystanding, social change

Health equity (HE) is a central concern across multiple disciplines and sectors, including nursing. However, the proliferation of the term has not resulted in corresponding policymaking that leads to a clear reduction of health inequities. The goal of this paper is to use institutional ethnographic methods to map the social organization of HE policy discourses in Canada, a process that serves to reproduce existing relations of power that stymie substantive change in policy aimed at reducing health inequity. In nursing, institutional ethnography (IE) is described as a method of inquiry for taking sides in order to expose socially organized practices of power. Starting from the standpoints of HE policy advocates we explain the methods of IE, focusing on a stepwise description of theoretical and practical applications in the area of policymaking. Results are discussed in the context of three thematic areas: 1) bounding HE talk within biomedical imperialism, 2) situating racialization and marginalization as a subaltern space in HE discourses, and 3) activating HE texts as ruling relations. We conclude with key points about our insights into the methodological and theoretical potential of critical policy research using IE to analyze the social organization of power in HE policy narratives. This paper contributes to critical nursing discourse in the area of HE, demonstrating how IE can be applied to disrupt socially organized neoliberal and colonialist narratives that recycle and redeploy oppressive policymaking practices within and beyond nursing.

Indigenous research on Turtle Island has existed for millennia, where knowledge(s) to work with the land and its inhabitants are available for next generations. These knowledge systems exist today but are rarely viewed as valid biomedical 'facts' and so are silenced. When Indigenous knowledge is solicited within health research, the knowledge system is predominantly an 'add-on' or is assimilated into Western understandings. We discuss disrupting this colonial state for nurse researchers. Two concepts rooted in Indigenous teachings and knowledges, Etuaptmumk (Two-Eyed Seeing) and Ethical Space, shed light on ways to disrupt health researchers' attraction to a singular worldview which continue to privilege Western perspectives. Knowledge rooted in diverse knowledge systems is required to challenge colonial relations in health research and practice. A synergy between Etuaptmumk and Ethical Space can support working with both Indigenous and biomedical knowledge systems in health research and enhance reconciliation.

Approaches based around complexity theory are increasingly being used in the study of organisations and the delivery of services. This is the first book to explore the application of complexity theory to difficult practice issues in criminal justice and social work and is intended to stimulate debate. It brings together experts in this emerging field to address complexity theory from a range of perspectives (positivist, realist, and constructivist), providing a detailed but accessible discussion of the key issues to whole systems approaches. The chapters cover theory and research on the nature of complex adaptive systems, their application to key areas of service delivery and the efficacy and ethics of criminal justice and social work interventions. The book argues for the usefulness of applying complexity theory to address significant and intractable social problems and also challenges the reductionist approaches to solving those problems currently favoured by policy makers. It will be of interest to academics and postgraduate students in social work and criminal justice