Suchergebnisse

Archaeology provides few examples of large-scale fisheries at the frontier between catching and farming of fish. We analysed the spatial organization of earthen embankments to infer the functioning of a landscape-level pre-Columbian Amazonian fishery that was based on capture of out-migrating fish after reproduction in seasonal floodplains. Long earthen weirs cross floodplains. We showed that weirs bear successive V-shaped features (termed 'Vs' for the sake of brevity) pointing downstream for outflowing water and that ponds are associated with Vs, the V often forming the pond's downstream wall. How Vs channelled fish into ponds cannot be explained simply by hydraulics, because Vs surprisingly lack fishways, where, in other weirs, traps capture fish borne by current flowing through these gaps. We suggest that when water was still high enough to flow over the weir, out-migrating bottom-hugging fish followed current downstream into Vs. Finding deeper, slower-moving water, they remained. Receding water further concentrated fish in ponds. The pond served as the trap, and this function shaped pond design. Weir-fishing and pond-fishing are both practiced in African floodplains today. In combining the two, this pre-Columbian system appears unique in the world. ; This research was funded by grants to D.M. from the Institut Universitaire de France, the Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)/CNRS (Projets Exploratoires Pluridisciplinaires program), the Mission pour l'Interdisciplinarité of the CNRS, the TOSCA committee (Terre Solide, Océan, Surfaces Continentales, Atmosphère) of the CNES (French National Center for Space Research), the Groupement de Recherche Mosaïque (GDR 3353, INEE/CNRS); and by grants to R.B. from the Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)/CNRS (Projets Exploratoires Pluridisciplinaires TOHMIS), to L.R. from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [grant no. P2BEP2_172250] and to U.L. from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions, EU project 703045]. This work was supported by public funds received in the framework of GEOSUD, a project (ANR-10-EQPX-20) of the program Investissements d'Avenir managed by the French National Agency. Research was also funded in part by the European Research Council project 'Pre-Columbian Amazon-Scale Transformations' (ERC-CoG 616179) to J.I. Data for Supplementary Figs S2 and S9 were provided by TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X (grant no. DEM_OTHER1040).

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...

International audience ; This chapter is devoted to the Ntem Valley in South Cameroon, one of the multidisciplinary study areas for more than 5 years (1994/2000) of the European APFT program "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). ). It presents the geographical location, the demographic dimensions of the population of this region (fertility, mortality, child mortality in particular), the social and cultural aspects (ethnic groups, ethnolinguistics, ethnomusicology, education, religions, social organization and its fundamental aspects, those related to the kinship system and the politico-legal system. It also addresses questions of rural / urban population mobility and in particular relations with the city. The socio-health context with health indicators and the use of traditional medicine and the therapeutic routes of the population The activities and strategies of subsistence (breeding, fishing, hunting, trapping, collecting etc .) and what they produce in terms of impact on the environment through the evolution of surfaces cultivated, forest and biodiversity regeneration or the impact on flora and fauna.The chapter allows the various researchers to make a number of recommendations for the future of the peoples of this forest region.See also the book, "Man and the Tropical Forest", edited by Bahuchet, Bley, Pagezy, Vernazza-Licht www.ecologie-humaine.eu ; Ce chapitre est consacré à la Vallée Ntem au Sud Cameroun, l'un des terrains d'étude multidisciplinaire pendant plus de 5 ans (1994/2000) du programme européen APFT "Avenir des Peuples des Fprêts tropicales" (Future of Rainforest Peoples - FRP). Il présente la situation géographique, les dimensions démographiques de la population de cette région (fécondité, mortalité, mortalité des enfants notamment), les aspects sociaux et culturels (ethnies, ethnolinguistique, ethnomusicologie, scolarisation, religions, organisation sociale et ses aspects fonciers, ceux liés au système de parenté et au système politico-juridique. Il ...