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In: European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Band 4, Heft 3, S. 123-135
In: Art of living series
1. The debate about forgiveness -- 2. The case against forgiveness -- 3. A third way? -- 4. The case for forgiveness I : what the psychologists say -- 5. The case for forgiveness II : meeting the objections -- 6. The case for forgiveness III : the positive arguments.
In: Social philosophy & policy, Band 26, Heft 1, S. 354-374
ISSN: 1471-6437
AbstractWe reject Moorean holism about value—the view that the value of the whole does not equal the sum of the values of its parts. We propose an alternative aggregative holism according to which the value of a state of affairs is the sum of the values of its constituent states. But these constituents must be evaluated in situ.We also argue that, in addition to value tout court, there are benefits that can go to individuals—where the value of a state of affairs need not equal the sum of the benefits it supplies. To deny this claim is to deny, among other things, the possibility of even raising distributional concerns, or that of stating egoism in a coherent fashion. And denying these possibilities is implausible. But once benefits are in the picture, there is, pace certain forms of consequentialism, pressure to acknowledge that we can have extra reason to pursue them beyond considerations of the effect of such pursuit on the general good.We conclude by applying these thoughts to, first, the claim that Pareto-optimality is necessary for maximal value (we argue that this thesis is false); and, second, Parfit's 'repugnant conclusion' (we use this conclusion to bolster our claim that value need not be the sum of benefits: if value were always the sum of benefits, the repugnant conclusion would follow; the repugnant conclusion is false; therefore value is not always the sum of benefits).
In: The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory, S. 424-458
In: Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 18-34
ISSN: 2169-2408
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) app with transition to literacy (T2L) software features (i.e., dynamic text and speech output upon selection of a graphic symbol within the grid display) on the acquisition of 12 personally relevant single words for individuals with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had minimal or no speech. The study implemented a single-subject, multiple-probe, across word sets design with four participants. All four participants in this study demonstrated increased accuracy reading targeted single words and results from this study provide preliminary evidence that the T2L features can positively affect the single-word learning of individuals with ASD who have minimal speech and limited literacy skills.
In: Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, Band 45, Heft 2, S. 115-131
ISSN: 2169-2408
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Transition to Literacy (T2L) software features (i.e., dynamic text and speech output upon selection of a graphic symbol) within a grid display in an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) app on the single-word reading skills of five individuals with severe disabilities and complex communication needs. The study implemented a single-case multiple probe research design across one set of three participants. The same design was utilized with an additional set of two participants. During intervention, the T2L feature was activated for targeted words during a book reading activity. The dependent variable was the number of 10 target words correctly identified. With only limited exposure to the T2L feature, the five participants all demonstrated increased accuracy in identification of 10 target words. Four of the five participants generalized learning to use a text-only display for the 10 target words. This study provides preliminary evidence that redesigning AAC apps to include the provision of dynamic text combined with speech output can positively impact the single-word reading of participants. This adaptation in AAC system design could be used to support improved outcomes in both language and literacy.
In: Journal of developmental and physical disabilities, Band 31, Heft 6, S. 727-740
ISSN: 1573-3580
In: Child abuse & neglect: the international journal ; official journal of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Band 75, S. 61-72
ISSN: 1873-7757
In: Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, Band 41, Heft 2, S. 101-115
ISSN: 2169-2408
A systematic review of research on the effects of interventions that include communication partner modeling of aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) on the language acquisition of individuals with complex communication needs was conducted. Included studies incorporated AAC modeling as a primary component of the intervention, defined as the communication partners (a) modeling aided AAC as they speak and (b) participating in the context of a naturalistic communication interaction. This review used a best-evidence approach, including nine single-case studies, with 31 participants, and 70 replications, and one quasi-experimental randomized group design study, including 63 participants. The results of the review indicated that AAC modeling intervention packages led to meaningful linguistic gains across four areas including (a) pragmatics, marked by increases in communication turns; (b) semantics, marked by receptive and expressive vocabulary increases; (c) syntax, marked by multi-symbol turn increases; and (d) morphology, marked by increases in target morphology structures.
In: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences, medical sciences
ISSN: 1758-535X
Abstract
While low back pain (LBP) may persist or recur over time, few studies have evaluated the individual course of LBP over a long-term period, particularly among older adults. Based on data from the longitudinal Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, we aimed to identify and describe different LBP trajectories in older men and characterize members in each trajectory group. A total of 5,976 community-dwelling men (mean age=74.2) enrolled at six US sites were analyzed. Participants self-reported LBP (yes/no) every 4 months during a maximum of 10 years. Latent class growth modelling was performed to identify unique LBP trajectory groups that explained variation in the LBP data. The association of baseline characteristics with trajectory group membership was assessed using univariable and multivariable multinominal logistic regression. A five-class solution was chosen; no/rare LBP (n=2442/40.9%), low frequency–stable LBP (n=1040/17.4%), low frequency-increasing LBP (n=719/12%), moderate frequency-decreasing LBP (n=745/12.5%) and high frequency–stable LBP (n=1030/17.2%). History of falls (OR=1.52), history of LBP (OR=6.37), higher physical impairment (OR=1.51-2.85) and worse psychological function (OR=1.41-1.62) at baseline were all associated with worse LBP trajectory groups in this sample of older men. These findings present an opportunity for targeted interventions and/or management to older men with worse or increasing LBP trajectories and associated modifiable risk factors, to reduce the impact of LBP and improve quality of life.
In: Côté , P , Bussières , A , Cassidy , J D , Hartvigsen , J , Kawchuk , G N , Leboeuf-Yde , C , Mior , S , Schneider , M , Aillet , L , Ammendolia , C , Arnbak , B , Axen , I , Baechler , M , Barbier-Cazorla , F , Barbier , G , Bergstrøm , C , Beynon , A , Blanchette , M A , Bolton , P S , Breen , A , Brinch , J , Bronfort , G , Brown , B , Bruno , P , Konner , M B , Burrell , C , Busse , J W , Byfield , D , Campello , M , Cancelliere , C , Carroll , L , Cedraschi , C , Chéron , C , Chow , N , Christensen , H W , Claussen , S , Corso , M , Davis , M A , Demortier , M , De Carvalho , D , De Luca , K , De Zoete , A , Doktor , K , Downie , A , Du Rose , A , Eklund , A , Engel , R , Erwin , M , Eubanks , J E , Evans , R , Evans , W , Fernandez , M , Field , J , Fournier , G , French , S , Fuglkjaer , S , Gagey , O , Giuriato , R , Gliedt , J A , Goertz , C , Goncalves , G , Grondin , D , Gurden , M , Haas , M , Haldeman , S , Harsted , S , Hartvigsen , L , Hayden , J , Hincapié , C , Hébert , J J , Hesby , B , Hestbæk , L , Hogg-Johnson , S , Hondras , M A , Honoré , M , Howarth , S , Injeyan , H S , Innes , S , Irgens , P M , Jacobs , C , Jenkins , H , Jenks , A , Jensen , T S , Johhansson , M , Kongsted , A , Kopansky-Giles , D , Kryger , R , Lardon , A , Lauridsen , H H , Leininger , B , Lemeunier , N , Le Scanff , C , Lewis , E A , Linaker , K , Lothe , L , Marchand , A A , McNaughton , D , Meyer , A L , Miller , P , Mølgaard , A , Moore , C , Murphy , D R , Myburgh , C , Myhrvold , B , Newell , D , Newton , G , Nim , C , Nordin , M , Nyiro , L , O'Neill , S , Øverås , C , Pagé , I , Pasquier , M , Penza , C W , Perle , S M , Picchiottino , M , Piché , M , Poulsen , E , Quon , J , Raven , T , Rezai , M , Roseen , E J , Rubinstein , S , Salmi , L R , Schweinhardt , P , Shearer , H M , Sirucek , L , Sorondo , D , Stern , P J , Stevans , J , Stochkendahl , M J , Stuber , K , Stupar , M , Srbely , J , Swain , M , Teodorczyk-Injeyan , J , Théroux , J , Thiel , H , Uhrenholt , L , Verbeek , A , Verville , L , Vincent , K , Dan Wang , A L , Weber , K A , Whedon , J M , Wong , J , Wuytack , F , Young , J , Yu , H & Ziegler , D 2020 , ' A united statement of the global chiropractic research community against the pseudoscientific claim that chiropractic care boosts immunity ' , Chiropractic and Manual Therapies , vol. 28 , no. 1 , 21 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-020-00312-x
Background: In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, the International Chiropractors Association (ICA) posted reports claiming that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. These claims clash with recommendations from the World Health Organization and World Federation of Chiropractic. We discuss the scientific validity of the claims made in these ICA reports. Main body: We reviewed the two reports posted by the ICA on their website on March 20 and March 28, 2020. We explored the method used to develop the claim that chiropractic adjustments impact the immune system and discuss the scientific merit of that claim. We provide a response to the ICA reports and explain why this claim lacks scientific credibility and is dangerous to the public. More than 150 researchers from 11 countries reviewed and endorsed our response. Conclusion: In their reports, the ICA provided no valid clinical scientific evidence that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. We call on regulatory authorities and professional leaders to take robust political and regulatory action against those claiming that chiropractic adjustments have a clinical impact on the immune system.
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