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ABSTRACTThis article examines Tea Party candidates for the US House of Representative in 2012. Tea Party and Tea Party–endorsed candidates are similar to other Republican candidates. Although they have served in the House for a shorter period, they have approximately the same financial resources, prior political experience, and reelection rate as other Republicans. Multivariate analysis finds that Tea Party membership and endorsement have no impact on electoral outcome when other political factors are controlled for (e.g., incumbency, running for an open seat, quality of opposing candidate, prior political experience, financial resources, and Obama's vote). Consequently, the success of Tea Party candidates depends on acquiring the traditional political resources, having weak opponents, and running in favorably disposed constituencies rather than identification with this highly visible political movement.

In this study of tenure in office, tenure is measured by both the number of years and the number of terms served by 848 mayors of nineteen major American cities who held office between 1820 and 1995. An examination of this data finds that mayoral tenure has increased substantially when measured by the years served but only marginally when measured by the number of terms served. A multivariate analysis of mayors serving between 1853 and 1995 supports Fiorina's contention that performance in office is related to electoral success. In particular, mayors who physically develop their cities, improve law enforcement, and provide social services serve longer in office.

Although there are many conceptual & empirical difficulties, it is now possible to systematically analyze human rights abuses on a worldwide basis. Amnesty International (since 1974), Freedom House (since 1973), & the US Dept of State (since 1979) have prepared annual reports on the status of human rights for most of the world's countries. Concentrating on the descriptive portions of these reports, & treating respect for human rights, at least initially, as a multidimensional phenomenon, a data set is created that can be used to test comparative theories of human rights. Eventually a time series data set will also be developed that can be used to study cyclic changes in the degree to which nation states are willing to violate human rights. 27 References. Modified AA