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This article examines the tactics and concepts formulated and exercised in the name of police in Britain and their gradual evolution between 1750 and 1840. It concen trates on the writings of Fielding, Coloquhoun and Chadwick and locates their contri butions as part of a new grammar of policing power concerned to map and administer English society and to comprehend it panoptically. My argument is that their theories, proposals and plans added enormously to the development of an institutional, formal, and practical conception of police, while simultaneously buttressing moral govern ment and developing the administrative underside of English law.

There has been a recent shift in radical, or leftist, criminology from utopianism to realism, & corresponding changes in thinking about the problem of law & order. Progressive alternatives to retributive crime policies endorsed by the New Right, & changing opinions about the law's role in social control & the maintenance of the social order, are discussed, with focus on Ian Taylor's Law & Order: Arguments for Socialism, (London, 1981) & Crime, Capitalism and Community: Three Essays in Socialist Criminology, (Toronto, 1983). These works develop a "transitional socialist criminology" through examining the rise of Thatcherism in GB & the riots of the early 1980s, & crime control efforts in Canada, respectively. The latter work is criticized for its somewhat faulty analysis, & concerns are raised regarding Taylor's political agenda. However, both works are commended for offering a preliminary attempt to develop an alternative worldview to that of conservative criminology & counter the misinformation of the New Right & its repressive penal policies. A new socialist program is needed that combines an alternative economic policy with a rejuvenated social policy based on social needs & rights. To do so will entail: (1) creating a popular form of justice, (2) democratizing the social order, (3) resurrecting a politics of localism, & (4) promoting reformist policies of social control. K. Hyatt

Ce texte traite des mesures de résistance courantes chez les consommateurs à faible revenu. Les résultats font croire que les débiteurs se trouvent souvent en conflit ouvert et actif vis‐à‐vis les représentants des entreprises de consommation. Les regrets, la réserve, l'adaptation ‐ ce ne sont là qu'un certain genre de réaction de la part de quelques‐uns. L'évidence recueillie au cours d'interviews avec des membres de regroupements de citoyens et de consommateurs à faible revenu, suggère fortement que des réactions très différentes, telles que le refus de se laisser dominer, le déjouement des plans des grosses compagnies, la contestation, la lutte politique, etc., sont les méthodes courantes de résistance envers les agences de recouvrement. Une typologie de résistance créancière a été développée et les implications plus vastes du malaise social dans les communautés à faible revenu sont analysées.This paper is concerned with the debt resistance practices of low‐income consumers. The findings suggest that debtors are often in active and antagonistic relationships with consumer control agents. Self‐blame, withdrawal, and adaptation are some of the responses of the morally defeated. But evidence from citizen's groups and low‐income consumers interviewed strongly suggest that refusing, upstaging, outmanoeuvering, subverting, striking back, and political struggle are common methods of resisting debt enforcement. A typology of debt resistance is developed, and the wider implications for social unrest in low‐income communities are assessed.

George Martell, ed. THE POLITICS OF THE CANADIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL. Toronto: James Lewis & Samuel, 1974. 257 pp. $4.95.