Suchergebnisse

Članak raspravlja o uporabi silovanja kao politike u slučajevima kada se, do tragičnih posljedica, ukrštaju nasilje, rod i etnicitet. Prvo se ispituje kampanja srbijanskih medija 1990. na Kosovu protiv Albanaca kao silovatelja; zatim se analizira upotreba silovanja u prinudnom etničkom čišćenju prilikom srpske agresije na Bosnu, 1992-1993. Pokazuje se da je kampanja na Kosovu bila predigra stvarnom silovanju u Bosni. U oba je slučaja silovanje poslužilo u ograđivanju teritorija i definiranju srpske etničke niše na Balkanu. ; The paper examines two cases of rape as politics where violence, gender, ethnicity intersected with tragic consequences. First, the Serbian media campaign against the Albanians as rapists in Kosovo in 1990 has been examined; secondly, the rape as politics of ethnic cleansing in the Serbian aggression in Bosnia in 1992-1993 was analyzed. It has been shown that Serbian media's rape campaign against Kosovo Albanians as perpetrators has been prelude to the actual rapes by Serbian soldiers in Bosnia. In both cases, rape served as the special mean for defining the boundary of the Serbian ethnic niche in the Balkans.

The paper explores the social impacts of emigration and rural-urban migration in Croatia, focusing on the period from 1991 to 2011. In this period, Croatia has experienced conflict and post-conflict-induced population movements, followed by a period of normalization of migration flows. The paper explores, in detail, labour migration and impacts on labour markets, in the context of skills shortages in Croatia. The role of remittances and social security agreements are also addressed. The paper addresses the problems of institutional support and of migration policy, making a series of recommendations for policy makers to minimize the social costs of migration and, instead, ensure that migration contributes to social development. ; U radu se istražuju društveni utjecaji emigracije i migracija selo–grad u Hrvatskoj, posebice između 1991. i 2011. U tom razdoblju u Hrvatskoj je došlo do kretanja stanovništva potaknutoga ratnim i poratnim događajima, nakon čega je nastupilo razdoblje normalizacije migracijskih tokova. U radu se detaljno istražuju radne migracije i njihov utjecaj na tržišta rada u kontekstu nedostatka kvalificirane radne snage u Hrvatskoj. Osim toga rad ispituje ulogu doznaka i socijalnih sporazuma. Nakon rasprave o problemima institucionalne potpore i migracijske politike autori daju niz preporuka kreatorima politike za smanjivanje društvenih troškova migracija kako bi one pridonijele društvenom razvoju.

As far as women's rights are concerned, Croatia, like other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, inherited a specific form of protection of women's rights from the socialist period. The socialist ideology helped women move into many professions, although in that period and later, in the post‐socialist period, the wage gap widened. In the latter period, a re‐traditionalisation of society took place, the political elite embraced traditional values (motherhood became part of the militaristic discourse of the state), which, alongside the circumstances of war, resulted in the economic, political and cultural neglect of women. Changes in the educational system, the higher proportion of female graduates in the population of graduates in general, have not had any major repercussions in terms of changes to the composition of the management elite. Women in Croatia are underrepresented in management and decision‐making positions. It may be said that younger women are reaping the fruits of socialism, which offered them greater access to education, and the influence of a previous value system aiming more at full employment and equality than the present one, in the post‐socialism period.

The migration from Croatia during transitions period assumed a form of drain rather than circulation of labor. The exact scale of brain drain remains unknown because the topic of external migration of scientists had been neglected for years and is still insufficiently investigated. Scientists who migrate have high educational qualifications as well as specific motives (self–development and educational reasons for leaving). The multiple regression analysis (N=536) and predictors achieved show that potential migrants are mostly young scientists that are satisfied with their positioning within the current system of opportunities but not satisfied with their perspectives in Croatia. E-researches and the new kinds of collaboration help the transformation of brain drain process into brain circulation. The EU has been developing positive immigration policies, especially favorable to highly qualified immigrants from the field of natural sciences and computer technology. It could be expected that Croatia will experience in the next few years both circulation of labor and outgoing/ingoing brain drain; the latter from surrounding Balkan countries. The problem is still persisting inadequate social valorization of science subsystem in Croatia.