Commons and collectives: the lack of social capital in Central Asia's land reforms
In: Working paper 40
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In: Working paper 40
In: The European journal of development research, Band 16, Heft 1, S. 133-152
ISSN: 1743-9728
In: The European journal of development research: journal of the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), Band 16, Heft 1
ISSN: 0957-8811
In: Development and change, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 107-139
ISSN: 1467-7660
AbstractUnder the socialist regime that prevailed until the start of the 1990s, Mongolia made great progress in improving human development indicators, and poverty was virtually unknown. Political and economic transition in the 1990s ushered in a rapid rise in asset and income inequality, and at least a third of the population has been living in poverty since 1995. Many workers made redundant from uneconomic state‐owned enterprises were absorbed into the extensive livestock sector in rural areas and by the growing informal economy in urban areas. The livestock sector grew dramatically, with herders accounting for over a third of the total population and half of the active labour force by the late 1990s. Three consecutive years of drought and harsh winters in 1999–2002 then drastically reduced the national herd. These trends are viewed against a backdrop of relative neglect of the livestock sector in development priorities and a concomitant decline in agricultural productivity. Pressures on common pasture have mounted, and conflict over grazing is becoming endemic. In such a context, sustainable management of Mongolia's pastoral commons should be central to the country's economic development agenda in general, and to its poverty reduction strategy in particular. This article draws on the findings of a country‐wide participatory poverty assessment conducted in 2000. Blending quantitative and qualitative data, these findings help to bring into sharper relief the broad outlines of an integrated approach to building secure and sustainable livelihoods both on and off the pastoral commons.
In: Development and change, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 105-106
ISSN: 1467-7660
In: The journal of development studies: JDS, Band 33, Heft 6, S. 884-887
ISSN: 0022-0388
In: The journal of development studies, Band 32, Heft 3, S. 297-339
ISSN: 1743-9140
In: The journal of development studies: JDS, Band 32, Heft 3, S. 297-339
ISSN: 0022-0388
In: IDS bulletin: transforming development knowledge, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 25-33
ISSN: 1759-5436
In: IDS bulletin, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 25-33
ISSN: 0265-5012, 0308-5872
World Affairs Online
In: IDS bulletin, Band 22, S. 25-33
ISSN: 0265-5012, 0308-5872
In: New frontiers of social policy
World Affairs Online
In: An Earthscan original
World Affairs Online
SSRN
Working paper
In: IDS bulletin: transforming development knowledge, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 1-4
ISSN: 1759-5436