Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this study was to use the author's Comb model to study the dynamics of demographic indicators on which the effectiveness and "uniform" workload of all levels of the Russian education system depends. The object of the study are the age cohorts of the Russian population, the subject is the optimal workload of the levels of the education system with the account of new challenges, including those caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Development of modern Russian society, socio-economic projects and well-being of the population are largely determined by demographic indicators, such as fertility, life expectancy, mortality, the number of able-bodied population, etc. At present demographic problems, as well as ten years ago, are caused primarily by the change in the age structure of the population. In 2012, a research team headed by RAS Academician N. M. Rimashevskaya developed and applied the "Ridge model of the age structure of children and youth", which, using econometric forecasting approaches, makes it possible to forecast demographic dynamics in the education system. Based on the simulation results, with a certain probability, it is possible to predict the number of required places at various levels of training. Today, the President of the Russian Federation, the Government and the leading regional authorities of the country pay great attention to this problem. In the country, in parallel with other significant National projects, the Demography project has been implemented since 2019, one of the tasks of which (target indicator) is to increase the total fertility rate (up to 1.7). This once again underlines the relevance of the chosen topic and the author's tools (Comb model). The article uses data from the Federal Statistics Service, analytical materials of demographers, results of studies, including the author's, conducted using software for calculating the Ridge model in various regions. The cohort age structure of children and youth was projected using the author's tools for various levels of the education system in the Russian Federation, Moscow city, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir, Tula and Vologda oblasts. The results of the conducted research may be relevant and practically significant for the government structures that are directly involved in settling the issues related to regional and national demographic indicators. The material can be used for theoretical study of demography issues by students in professional educational institutions of middle and senior management, as well as demographers, analysts and other specialists dealing with demography issues.

The purpose of this study was to study new ways of financial fraud faced by Russian society during the pandemic. The object of the study is the Russian society, the subject is financial fraud schemes that became possible due to restrictive measures and the rapid development of online commerce during the pandemic. Modern society is facing various challenges, which are caused not only by progressive development technologies, innovations, changing technological patterns, rapid development and widespread introduction of information (digital) technologies, but also by factor whose appearance was difficult to predict — the Coronavirus pandemic. It has only been two years since the whole world has been living in the pandemic, but during this time the behavioral attitudes of society have undergone significant changes: from the "self-isolation regime" and the mandatory "wearing" of masks — to working "remotedly" and the mandatory presentation of QR codes. Recent changes largely predetermined the rapid development of information and communication technologies, which affected real communication and the possibility of changing online behavior: shopping, getting certificates and documents, working remotely—50 to 80% of employees in various fields had to work at home. Going online entailed not only increased demand for communication services, development of Internet commerce, Internet banking (at the beginning of the pandemic, a mortgage purchase of housing was carried out completely online for the first time), but also contributed to creation of new types of financial fraud through communication technologies. The article uses the materials of the Federal Statistical Service, VTSIOM, the Bank of Russia, RBC, analytical materials of financial structures, analysts and the results of studies, including those by the author, conducted in the south-east of Moscow oblast.The results of the conducted research can be significant for prevention of fraudulent actions, as well as during classes on financial literacy of the population. The relevant authorities, committees and commissions can use these materials to conduct explanatory activities for the population.

The purpose of this study was to apply the author's approach to assessing satisfaction with the quality of life of the population based on construction of a mathematical model. Modeling is carried out on the basis of econometric approaches using methods of weighted estimates and correlation analysis to take into account the impact of each of the parameters selected for the integral indicator of satisfaction with the quality of life of the population on the final assessment. The object of the study is population of a typical Russian city, the subject is self-assessment of the quality of life by the population. The empirical basis of the study was the data from the sociological study Taganrog-2014. The uniqueness of this study that it was implemented within the longitudinal project carried out by ISESP RAS since 1967, that it makes it possible to study socio-economic indicators characterizing the life of the population of one city in dynamics. Calculation of the integral indicator of satisfaction with the quality of life of the population showed that, taking into account the selected 7 indicators of satisfaction (Income, Work, Food, Housing, Health, Education, Marital status) and the calculated coefficients of paired correlation, it made 4.84 (on a ten-point scale). The model was tested and its adequacy was verified on the basis of several samples in the category of «Main occupation» (the integral indicator for employed people was 4.88, for working pensioners — 4.45, and for entrepreneurs — 5.02). The presented model is universal, since when constructing an integrated indicator, any number of parameters can be used, which the researcher wishes to analyze when calculating indicators of the quality of life of the population. The results obtained have both theoretical and practical significance for scientists, researchers and specialists engaged in assessing the quality of life of the population, as well as for government structures involved in solving social and economic issues.

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Current processes in the field of public healthcare — optimizing public healthcare institutions, formation of the market of paid medical services, changes in the legislation and in the requirements for qualification of healthcare workers — require new approaches in management. Today is needed not only redistribution of the volumes of medical assistance between different organizations, but also a review of the healthcare infrastructure, which should meet the needs of the population and ensure the quality of medical assistance. Introduction of Professional standards this year and transition to accreditation of all doctors and nurses directly affect the requirements for qualifications of medical workers. All this requires development of targeted training system in higher education and internship, creating a nationwide database of vacancies in healthcare organizations. The formats of work themselves and the requirements for employees are changing. The main task is to eliminate the imbalance in the distribution of medical workers by levels and conditions of medical care. Based on these needs, a new labor behavior of medical workers is being formed, which depends on many factors and needs a high-quality and in-depth study, not only in theory, but also in practice. This article presents the results of studies of the factors affecting labor behavior in the gender aspect. Labor attitudes and values, attitude toward work, labor activity, and job satisfaction are analyzed. There are presented the tools for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the raised issues and formation of personnel reserve. The purpose of the article is to identify the gender aspects of the labor behavior of doctors at healthcare institutions using the example of Moscow. On the basis of the conducted study were identified qualitative gender differences and developed tools that could be used in healthcare organizations for analysis of personnel's work, internal staff rotation, formation of personnel reserve.

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The sense of the meaning of life is a subjectively felt, positive mental state. Suffering in chronic illness intensifies in a human being the sense of isolation and gives rise to emotions with that an individual often cannot cope. Such experiences are characteristic of the process of cancer remission. The sense of coherence strengthens the sense of coping with disease, which increases prospects of recovery. The article presents the results of the authors' research (103 respondents) on the quality and meaning of life of cancer patients in remission: socio-psychological aspects, indicators of the categories of «meaning of life», «responsibility», «consistency», and the latter is dominant at the stage of cancer remission in the studied cohorts. The survey was conducted on the basis of the methodology developed by the authors using the «Goal in Life» test (PIL) by J. K. Crumbaugh and J.J. Smith. Maholicka, as well as «The sense of coherence» by A. Antonovsky (SOC-29). The study showed that the group under survey had a fairly high level of indicators of the categories «meaning of life», «responsibility», «consistency», which did not depend on when the respondents were diagnosed with cancer, as well as the fact that the studied indicators reached higher values in women than in men. Interpersonal factors «meaning of life» and «responsibility» were identified as dominant in the study of the quality and meaning of life in relation to other socio-psychological factors.

The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the economic behavior of the population in the field of consumer, saving, investment, and credit activity. The analysis of human economic actions only for solving scientific problems is divided into the listed types, but in practice, an individual makes a particular decision (chooses a certain strategy) under the impact of simultaneously influencing groups of factors that depend on gender and age, place and living conditions, social affiliation-income group, level of education, psychological and value attitudes, level of development of the financial infrastructure in a certain territory, stage of economic development of a country and / or region. And now another significant factor has been added — the coronavirus pandemic and its consequences. The article presents the results of the first stage of the interdisciplinary research project "Socio-psychological factors of economic behavior of the population: risks and opportunities (cross-country comparisons)" carried out by the authors. On the basis of the data obtained with the help of the sociological tools developed by the authors, the types of economic behavior are investigated in terms of four psychosocial aspects closely related to the features of mentality: trust, risk, stress, responsibility. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the motives and strategies of economic behavior provides identification of the most realistic picture of all current risks and opportunities for population in the financial and consumer services market. At the second stage, the data obtained by the authors from the results of the survey of the Russian population, will be compared on the basis of a comparative analysis with the outcomes of the forthcoming surveys of respondents from Poland, Belarus, Lithuania and Slovakia.

IMPORTANCE: More than 1 million US veterans are dually enrolled in a Medicare Advantage (MA) plan and in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. The federal government prepays private MA plans to cover veterans; if a dually enrolled veteran receives an MA-covered service at the VA, the government is making 2 payments for the same service. It is not clear what proportion of veterans dually enrolled in VA and MA are undergoing coronary revascularization at VA vs non-VA hospitals. OBJECTIVE: To describe where veterans who are enrolled in both VA and MA undergo coronary revascularization and the associated costs. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a cohort study consisting of US veterans dually enrolled in VA and MA from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013, who had at least 1 VA encounter and underwent coronary revascularization during the study period. Data were analyzed from April 2019 to September 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Number of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) performed through the VA and through MA during years 2010 to 2013, and the associated VA costs of coronary revascularization. In addition, multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess patient factors associated with receiving care through the VA. RESULTS: A total of 18 874 VA users with concurrent MA enrollment who underwent coronary revascularization during 2010 to 2013 were identified (mean [SD] age, 75.3 [8.8] years; 18 739 men [99.0%]). Enrollees were predominantly white (17 457 patients [92.0%]). Among patients, 4115 (22.0%) underwent either CABG or PCI through the VA only, 14 281 (75.0%) did so through MA only, and 478 (2.5%) underwent coronary revascularization procedures through both payers. From 2010 to 2013, these veterans underwent 4764 coronary revascularization procedures (721 CABGs and 3043 PCIs) that cost the VA $214.7 million ($115.8 million for CABGs and $99.0 million for PCIs). In multivariable analysis, nonwhite patients were more ...